ISU KONTEMPORER DALAM PELESTARIAN SENI CADAS KAWASAN LIANG KABORI, PULAU MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Abstract

Abstrak. Kawasan karst Liang Kabori, Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara, memiliki 43 situs dengan distribusi seni cadas yang bervariasi, tergambar motif hewan, geometris, perahu, cap tangan, dan figur manusia dengan ragam penggambaran. Namun, seni cadas di wilayah ini terancam hilang karena mengalami degradasi yang berlangsung terus menerus dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi ancaman yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya degradasi pada seni cadas kawasan tersebut. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui penelusuran pustaka dan observasi lapangan. Fokus data yang dikumpulkan berupa seni cadas dan kondisinya serta potensi ancaman penyebab degradasi. Kemudian, analisis potensi ancaman dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat degradasi yang dialami setiap situs. Hasil analisis kemudian menjadi pijakan untuk merancang strategi pelestarian ke depan yang sesuai dengan kondisi situs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat sembilan potensi ancaman penyebab degradasi, yang terdiri dari faktor alami dan antropogenik. Dari 43 situs yang diamati, 1 (2%) situs menunjukkan degradasi pada kategori aman, 36 (84%) situs kategori rusak, dan 6 (14%) situs lainnya kategori rusak parah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian merekomendasikan langkah preventif berupa penetapan kawasan cagar budaya, fasilitas pendukung program pelestarian, dan pengembangan kapasitas masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Fosil, Artefak Batu, Lanskap Budaya, Museum Situs

Abstract. The Liang Kabori karst area, Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, has 43 sites with a varied distribution of rock art, depicting animal, geometric, boat, hand stencils and human figures with various depictions. However, the rock art in this region is in danger of being lost due to continuous degradation over the last few decades. The aim of this research is to determine the potential threats that cause degradation of the area's rock art. Research data was obtained by literature search and field observation. The focus of the data collected is rock art and its condition as well as potential threats causing degradation. Then, a potential threat analysis is carried out to assess the level of degradation experienced by each site. The results of the analysis then become a basis for designing future conservation strategies that are appropriate to site conditions. The results of research show that there are nine potential threats causing degradation, consisting of natural and anthropogenic factors. Of the 43 sites studied, 1 (2%) site showed degradation in the safe category, 36 (84%) sites were in the damaged category, and 6 (14%) other sites were in the severely damaged category. Therefore, the research recommends preventive steps in the form of establishing cultural heritage areas, supporting facilities for preservation programs, and developing community capacity.

Keywords: Liang Kabori, Rock Art, Degradation, Preservation