Imbuhan Pakan Ternak Berbasis Mikroba dan Tanaman dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Peternakan Berkelanjutan di Indonesia

Authors

Ahmad Sofyan
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.1316

Keywords:

imbuhan Pakan, Antibiotik, Bakteri Asam Laktat, Bioaktif Tanaman, Peternakan

Synopsis

Sektor peternakan memiliki kontribusi besar dalam pemenuhan kecukupan pangan dan gizi nasional, tetapi sebagian masih bergantung pada impor, khususnya komoditas daging dan susu. Diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi daging sapi dan susu melalui peningkatan populasi dan produktivitasnya, salah satunya optimalisasi penggunaan pakan dengan imbuhan pakan (feed additive). Penggunaan imbuhan jenis antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) telah dilarang di Indonesia sejak Januari 2018 karena adanya potensi resistensi mikroba patogen pada manusia. Sebagai alternatif, penggunaan imbuhan pakan alami non-AGPs dapat mengoptimalkan proses digesti pakan, produktivitas, dan kualitas hasil ternak serta mendukung kelestarian lingkungan.

Pengembangan riset imbuhan pakan berbasis mikroba dan bioaktif tanaman berpengaruh positif pada kecernaan bahan pakan dan produktivitas ternak, memiliki efek fungsional dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk daging, telur, dan susu, serta berimplikasi pada peningkatan nilai ekonomi budi daya ternak. Tahapan awal inovasi ialah melalui isolasi dan identifikasi. Pemanfaatan isolat mikroba dari ternak inangnya atau dari ekosistem spesifik ditujukan agar kandidat mikroba memiliki kemampuan adaptasi dan sifat fungsional yang mendukung kinerja ternak. Inovasi imbuhan pakan berbasis tanaman dikembangkan dengan memformulasikan bioaktif tanaman, seperti daun mengkudu dan kenikir yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, antiparasit, dan antimetanogen. Aplikasi imbuhan pakan mikroba Pedioccoccus. acidilactici yang dikombinasikan dengan mineral organik mampu meningkatkan performa dan kualitas daging ternak ruminansia. Imbuhan pakan berbasis tanaman dari ekstrak daun mengkudu dan kenikir juga dapat menurunkan prevalensi penyakit koksidiosis pada unggas. Imbuhan pakan alami ini mendukung upaya peningkatan produktivitas ternak tropis melalui pemanfaatan potensi biodiversitas Nusantara guna tercukupinya pangan hewani yang begizi dalam menyongsong Indonesia sebagai Lumbung Pangan Dunia 2045.

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Author Biography

Ahmad Sofyan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Ahmad Sofyan, lahir di Pati pada 5 Oktober 1979, adalah anak kedua dari Bapak Nur Salam dan Ibu Zaenab. Menikah dengan Evrin Safrilya Vanadianingrum, S.Pt. dan dikaruniai dua orang anak, yaitu Shidqina Firdausy ‘Ilma Sofriananda dan Hilman Azzamy Hafizuddin Sofriananda.
Berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 3/M Tahun 2022, yang bersangkutan diangkat sebagai Peneliti Ahli Utama Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional terhitung mulai tanggal 1 Oktober 2021.
Berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Nomor 179/I/HK/2024 tanggal 12 Juli 2024 tentang Pembentukan Majelis Pengukuhan Profesor Riset (MPPR), yang bersangkutan dapat melakukan pidato Pengukuhan Profesor Riset.
Menamatkan sekolah dasar di SD N Kadilangu, Trangkil, Pati, pada tahun 1993; Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Mansyaul ‘Ulum Kadilangu pada tahun 1994; sekolah menengah pertama di SMP N 1 Margoyoso, Pati, pada tahun 1996; dan sekolah menengah atas di SMU N 1 Pati pada tahun 1999. Memperoleh gelar Sarjana Peternakan (S.Pt.) dari IPB University, Bogor, pada tahun 2003; gelar Master of Science (M.Sc.) dari Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, pada 2011; dan gelar S-3 Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Science (Ph.D.) dari University of Tsukuba, Jepang, pada tahun 2017.
Menduduki jabatan struktural sebagai Kepala Seksi Rancang Bangun UPT Balai Pengembangan Proses dan Teknologi Kimia LIPI (2011–2013); Kepala Laboratorium Teknologi Bioaditif Pakan BPTBA LIPI (2018–2020); dan ditugaskan sebagai Koordinator Program di Deputi Bidang Jasa Ilmiah (2020–2021); Anggota Tim Reformasi Birokrasi LIPI (2021); Tim Pengelola Rumah Program OR Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknik, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (2022); Ketua Kelompok Riset Teknologi Pakan Aditif dan Suplemen, Pusat Riset Peternakan BRIN (2022–sekarang).
Jabatan fungsional diawali sebagai Peneliti Ahli Pertama (III/b) pada 2008, Peneliti Ahli Muda (III/c) pada 2010, Peneliti Ahli Madya (IV/a) pada 2012, Peneliti Ahli Madya (IV/c) pada tahun 2019, dan Peneliti Ahli Utama (IV/d) pada tahun 2020.
Menghasilkan 125 artikel karya tulis ilmiah, baik yang ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia (58) maupun bahasa Inggris (67), dalam terbitan prosiding serta jurnal skala nasional dan global. Sebanyak 22 kekayaan intelektual dimiliki dalam bentuk 12 paten terdaftar dan 10 paten granted serta sebanyak 5 paten telah dilisensikan.
Berperan aktif dalam pembinaan kader ilmiah peneliti di BPTBA LIPI dan Pusat Riset Peternakan BRIN. Pembimbing mahasiswa pada jenjang S-1 (IPB, UNS), S-2 (IPB, UNPAD UNHAS), dan S-3 (IPB, UI, UGM). Aktif dalam organisasi ilmiah sebagai associate research fellow di Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE) IPB University, Ketua Bidang Pengembangan Kompetensi dan Sertifikasi Profesi Asosiasi Ahli Nutrisi dan Pakan Indonesia (AINI), anggota Masyarakat Biodiversitas dan Bioinformatika Indonesia (MBBI), dan anggota aktif Himpunan Peneliti Indonesia (Himpenindo)/Perhimpunan Periset Indonesia (PPI). Sejak 2018 sampai 2023, mendapat amanah sebagai dosen luar biasa di Fakultas Peternakan UGM dan dosen tamu di Fakultas Peternakan IPB University.
Penghargaan yang pernah diperoleh adalah Pemuda Berprestasi dari Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga RI (2009), Alltech Young Animal Scientist Chapter Japan dari Alltech Biotechnology Co. Ltd. USA (2015), Juara III Lomba Penulisan Karya Tulis Iptek Hakteknas XVII Kemenristek (2012), penerima Inventor Award: Suplemen pakan unggas dari LIPI (2017), Satyalancana Karya Sapta X Tahun dari Presiden RI (2017), Peneliti Terbaik Deputi IPT LIPI (2012), SDM Iptek Berprestasi LIPI (2020), dan Periset Terbaik Pusat Riset Peternakan BRIN (2023).

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