Optimasi Penginderaan Spektrum Pada Radio Kognitif Untuk Mengatasi Kelangkaan Frekuensi Dalam Sistem Komunikasi Nirkabel

Nasrullah Armi

doi:10.55981/brin.1653

Optimasi Penginderaan Spektrum Pada Radio Kognitif Untuk Mengatasi Kelangkaan Frekuensi Dalam Sistem Komunikasi Nirkabel

Authors

Nasrullah Armi

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.1653

Keywords:

Penginderaan Spektrum, Radio Kognitif, Lapisan Fisik, Lapisan MAC, Kelangkaan Spektrum

Synopsis

Jumlah pengguna perangkat nirkabel yang meningkat, diikuti dengan jenis-jenis layanan komunikasi data yang beragam dengan fitur cerdas yang dibutuhkan masyarakat, membuat sumber daya spektrum frekuensi semakin langka. Padatnya pengguna disatu rentang frekuensi tertentu, namun minim pengguna di rentang frekuensi lainnya membuat penggunaan spektrum frekuensi menjadi tidak efisien. Untuk itu dibutuhkan sebuah teknologi akses spektrum yang dinamis, yang memungkinkan pengguna berpindah dari satu frekuensi tertentu ke rentang frekuensi lainnya tanpa perubahan dari sisi perangkat keras.

Teknologi penginderaan dan akses spektrum dinamis merupakan solusi terhadap kelangkaan spektrum. Terdapat 2 metode dalam teknologi penginderaan dan akses spektrum dinamis, yakni lapisan bawah (underlay) dan lapisan atas (overlay). Metode lapisan bawah sering kita kenal dengan teknik komunikasi ultra-wideband. Pada teknik ini, pengguna komunikasi nirkabel dapat menempati spektrum frekuensi lebar dengan ketentuan bahwa daya transmisi berada dibawah batas yang sudah ditentukan sehingga tidak mengganggu pengguna komunikasi nirkabel lainnya. Sementara metode lapisan atas, pengguna dapat menggunakan spektrum frekuensi dengan daya transmisi melebihi nilai batas, namun dengan ketentuan bahwa spektrum frekuensi tidak digunakan oleh pengguna komunikasi nirkabel lainnya. Metode penginderaan dan akses lapisan atas ini sering dikenal dengan sistem radio kognitif.

Penginderaan spektrum menjadi hal yang paling krusial dan penting dalam radio kognitif. Pengembangan teknik penginderaan spektrum terus dilakukan sejak munculnya sistem radio kognitif yang diproyeksikan dapat mengatasi kelangkaan spektrum. Kegiatan riset teknik penginderaan spektrum tidak hanya dilakukan pada lapisan fisik saja, tapi juga pada lapisan MAC yang tidak hanya fokus pada deteksi ketersediaan spektrum, namun juga mempertimbangkan strategi akses dalam meningkatkan kinerja komunikasi. Prinsipnya bahwa penginderaan spektrum harus dilakukan dengan efektif agar menghasilkan akurasi data spektrum kosong yang tinggi dengan efisien (waktu penginderaan, konsumsi daya, dan kompleksitas).

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