Teknologi RNAi dan Transgenesis terhadap Pengembangan Induk dan Benih Unggul Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon)

Authors

Andi Parenrengi
Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRIN

Keywords:

RNAi, Transgenesis, Domestikasi, Pemuliaan, Udang windu

Synopsis

Udang windu (Penaeus monodon) adalah spesies asli Indonesia dan komoditas perikanan utama yang berkontribusi pada devisa negara. Udang windu memiliki potensi besar di Indonesia karena kondisi geografis yang mendukung, permintaan pasar tinggi, dan dukungan pemerintah. Produksi berkelanjutan udang windu membutuhkan benih dan induk berkualitas, baik SPF maupun SPR melalui domestikasi, pemuliaan, dan budi daya. Namun, tantangan seperti penyakit, kualitas benih, dan perubahan lingkungan perlu diatasi. 

Orasi ini menyajikan riset dan inovasi teknologi, termasuk RNAi dan transgenesis yang diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan pengembangan udang windu, khususnya dalam dukungan kegiatan domestikasi, pemuliaan, dan budi dayanya. Aplikasi teknologi RNAi dan transgenesis telah menunjukkan potensi besar dalam mendukung domestikasi dan pemuliaan udang windu. Teknologi RNAi berbasis dsRNA-VP dapat meningkatkan resistansi terhadap infeksi virus seperti WSSV dengan menargetkan gen virulensi. Teknologi transgenesis memungkinkan peningkatan ketahanan tubuh udang melalui transfer gen antivirus, menghasilkan induk dan benih unggul. Namun, tantangan seperti metode transfer yang efisien, pemilihan gen yang tepat, serta isu etika, dan regulasi masih perlu diatasi untuk penerapan yang lebih luas dalam budi daya udang windu.

Riset dan inovasi teknologi RNAi dan transgenesis untuk udang windu memerlukan pendekatan komprehensif, didukung kebijakan yang kuat. Riset ke depan harus difokuskan pada pengembangan vaksin dsRNA dan over-ekspresi gen anivirus untuk mendukung  domestikasi, dan pemuliaan udang windu serta aplikasi bioteknologi modern lainnya, seperti iptek berbasis -omik dan gene/genome editing. Kebijakan mendukung domestikasi dan pemuliaan secara berkelanjutan sangat penting untuk menjaga kualitas benih dan induk. Perlu regulasi ketat untuk memastikan keamanan pangan dan lingkungan, serta dukungan litbangjirap untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan ketahanan industri budi daya udang windu

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June 23, 2025

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