Mitigasi Metan Enterik pada Ruminansia untuk Mewujudkan Peternakan Ramah Lingkungan dan Berkelanjutan
Keywords:
metan enterik, gas rumah kaca, efisiensi pakan, omik, Produktivitas ternak, BerkelanjutanSynopsis
Arah kebijakan pemerintah sesuai dengan RPJMN 2025-2029 dibidang pertanian-peternakan adalah meningkatkan produktivitas ternak dan memperkuat ketahanan pangan menuju swasembada pangan hewani nasional (Peraturan Presiden [PP-RI], 2025). Sejalan dengan arah kebijakan tersebut BRIN berkontribusi melalui riset dasar, terapan, dan aplikasi yang lebih memfokuskan pada pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik lokal dengan tool bioteknologi modern secara komprehensif untuk menjawab permasalahan saat ini dan tantangan masa depan. Pada orasi ini disampaikan kebaruan mitigasi metan (CH4) enterik pada ruminansia melalui implementasi hasil riset dari rekayasa pakan, pemberian pakan berbasis mikroba berupa probiotik dan pakan fermentasi silase, dan penambahan pakan imbuhan lainnya berupa polifenol tanin, prebiotik, enzim, asam amino terproteksi, dan asam lemak dengan dosis yang tepat menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam mewujudkan peternakan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Mitigasi CH4 enterik pada ruminansia diterapkan melalui rekayasa efisiensi pakan yang memberikan penghambatan secara langsung dan tidak langsung dengan daya cerna pakan, aktivitas interaksi mikrobioma rumen; bakteri, protozoa dan metanogen, dan mengubah pola metabolisme rumen melalui evaluasi pendekatan omik. Dinamika struktur mikrobioma dan profil metabolit menunjukkan dampak positif terhadap produktivitas ruminansia. Hasil ini membuka peluang yang menjanjikan untuk masa depan dan aplikasi praktis dalam manajemen ternak untuk meningkatkan produktivitas yang berkelanjutan.
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