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MENJAWAB TANTANGAN MUTU DAN NILAI TAMBAH KAKAO INDONESIA: INOVASI FERMENTASI BERBASIS BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT LOKAL
Keywords:
Kakao, fermentasi, bakteri asam laktat lokal, mutu, nilai tambahSynopsis
Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen kakao terbesar di dunia, akan tetapi hingga saat ini peningkatan produksi belum sepenuhnya diikuti oleh peningkatan mutu, keamanan, dan nilai tambah produk kakao. Fermentasi yang masih didominasi oleh proses spontan tidak terkontrol menyebabkan mutu biji kakao yang dihasilkan beragam dan meningkatnya risiko kontaminasi jamur penghasil mikotoksin. Kondisi tersebut menuntut hadirnya inovasi teknologi fermentasi yang adaptif terhadap kondisi petani dan berbasis sumber daya hayati lokal. Orasi ilmiah ini memaparkan perjalanan riset dan inovasi fermentasi biji kakao berbasis bakteri asam laktat lokal, khususnya Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Subs. plantarum HL-15, sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan mutu, keamanan, dan daya saing kakao Indonesia. Pembahasan mencakup perkembangan teknologi fermentasi kakao dari fermentasi spontan tidak terkontrol menuju fermentasi terkontrol dan fermentasi presisi, pemanfaatan bakteri asam laktat lokal sebagai agen antijamur penghasil mikotoksin, peningkatan mutu dan karakter sensori cokelat, serta pengembangan produk pangan fungsional cokelat berbasis bakteri asam laktat. Selain itu, orasi ini menguraikan implikasi teknologi terhadap transformasi tata kelola fermentasi, strategi pengembangan, dan hilirisasi inovasi pada tingkat nasional maupun global. Secara keseluruhan, orasi ilmiah ini menegaskan bahwa bakteri asam laktat lokal merupakan platform bioteknologi strategis untuk mentransformasi fermentasi kakao tradisional menjadi sistem fermentasi yang lebih terkontrol, berkelanjutan, aman, dan bernilai tambah tinggi, sehingga mendukung penguatan daya saing kakao Indonesia.
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