TATA KELOLA KIMIA PENDINGIN REAKTOR NUKLIR MENUJU ERA PLTN UNTUK KEMANDIRIAN ENERGI DI INDONESIA

Geni Rina Sunaryo

doi:10.55981/brin.3431

TATA KELOLA KIMIA PENDINGIN REAKTOR NUKLIR MENUJU ERA PLTN UNTUK KEMANDIRIAN ENERGI DI INDONESIA

Authors

Geni Rina Sunaryo

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.3431

Keywords:

kimia pendingin reaktor, Keselamatan reaktor nuklir, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN), Radiolisis air

Synopsis

Orasi ilmiah ini membahas tata kelola kimia pendingin reaktor sebagai salah satu fondasi utama keselamatan, keandalan, dan keberlanjutan operasi reaktor nuklir. Berdasarkan rangkaian penelitian selama lebih dari tiga dekade, kajian ini mengintegrasikan aspek fundamental radiolisis air, kinetika reaksi spesies kimia, korosi dan penuaan material, serta pengelolaan sistem pendingin reaktor dalam kondisi operasi nyata. Hasil penelitian mencakup data primer radiolisis air pada temperatur tinggi dan iradiasi neutron cepat, pemodelan kinetika reaksi, serta basis data degradasi material jangka panjang pada sistem pendingin Reaktor Serba Guna G.A. Siwabessy dalam lingkungan tropis Indonesia.

Orasi ini menegaskan perlunya transformasi pengelolaan kimia pendingin dari pendekatan konvensional yang bersifat korektif menuju sistem yang prediktif, adaptif, dan berbasis data. Pendekatan tersebut didukung oleh pemantauan daring, sensor cerdas, kecerdasan buatan, analitik data, dan teknologi digital twin untuk mendeteksi anomali, memprediksi degradasi material, serta mendukung pengambilan keputusan keselamatan secara real-time.

Kontribusi ilmiah ini memberikan landasan bagi penguatan pengelolaan penuaan reaktor, pengembangan regulasi keselamatan berbasis bukti, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, serta kesiapan industri pendukung nasional. Dalam konteks pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir dan Small Modular Reactor, penguasaan kimia pendingin reaktor menjadi bagian penting dalam membangun keselamatan nuklir, kemandirian teknologi, kepercayaan publik, dan ketahanan energi Indonesia.

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Author Biography

Geni Rina Sunaryo, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor No. 39/M tahun 2020, tanggal 6 Mei 2020, yang bersangkutan diangkat sebagai Peneliti Ahli Utama terhitung mulai 6 Mei 2020. Berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Nomor 165/I/HK/2026 tanggal 14 Juli 2026 yang bersangkutan dapat melakukan orasi ilmiah dan dikukuhkan menjadi Profesor Riset. Menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar dan menengah di Yayasan Perguruan Cikini Jakarta (SD 1974, SMP 1977) dan SMA Negeri 4 Jakarta (1981). Meraih gelar Sarjana Analisis Kimia dari Akademi Kimia Analisis Bogor (1984), Magister di bidang Nuclear Engineering (1990), dan Doktor di bidang Application Radiation Chemistry (1994) dari Tokyo University, Jepang.

Telah mengikuti berbagai pelatihan dan riset internasional yang mendukung kompetensinya di bidang keselamatan reaktor dan kimia radiasi, antara lain pelatihan radiolisis air bersuhu tinggi sebagai STA Scientist di JAERI, Jepang (2000–2001), dua program postdoktoral terkait simulasi Monte Carlo kimia radiasi di Kanada (2005) dan radiolisis pendingin superkritis di CRIEPI Jepang (2006), serta pelatihan manajemen kualitas air reaktor di Slovenia (2007). Juga aktif dalam berbagai workshop IAEA dan BATAN terkait pengelolaan umur reaktor dan inspeksi keselamatan (1996–2004). Untuk mendukung kapasitas kepemimpinan, mengikuti Diklatpim II Angkatan XLI tahun 2015.

Pernah menduduki sejumlah jabatan struktural strategis, antara lain sebagai Kepala Subbagian Ilmiah dan Dokumentasi (1999–2001), Kepala Subbidang Keandalan Sistem (2001–2004), Kepala Bidang Teknologi Keselamatan Reaktor (2013–2014), dan Kepala Pusat Teknologi dan Keselamatan Reaktor (2014–2020).

Jabatan fungsional peneliti dimulai sebagai Peneliti Muda tahun 1995, kemudian naik menjadi Peneliti Madya tahun 2001. Setelah menyelesaikan postdoktoral pada 2006, diaktifkan kembali sebagai Peneliti Madya, dan dilanjutkan sebagai Peneliti Utama tahun 2012. Usai menjabat dalam posisi struktural pada 2017–2020, kembali aktif sebagai Peneliti Ahli Utama tahun 2020 di bidang keselamatan reaktor nuklir, dan mencapai jenjang tertinggi sebagai Ahli Peneliti Utama tahun 2024.

Menghasilkan 125 karya tulis ilmiah, baik sebagai penulis tunggal maupun bersama tim, yang diterbitkan dalam bentuk buku, jurnal, dan prosiding. Dari jumlah tersebut, 113 ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris, 12 dalam bahasa Indonesia, serta tesis magister dan disertasi doktor ditulis dalam bahasa Jepang. Aktif dalam pembinaan kader ilmiah dan pengembangan teknologi reaktor, antara lain sebagai pembimbing jabatan fungsional peneliti dan Anggota Dewan Penilai Peneliti BATAN (2010–2013), serta Peneliti Utama di bidang keselamatan reaktor nuklir. Terlibat dalam kerja sama internasional di bawah koordinasi IAEA (1995–1998), termasuk sebagai Anggota Technical Group HTGR IAEA (2017–2019). Memimpin sejumlah program strategis, seperti Ketua Tim Desain Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (2015–2019), Kepala Program Flagship Desain HTGR 10 MW (2018–2019), serta Ketua Project Join Lab BATAN–Tsinghua University (2018–2020). Juga menjabat sebagai Penanggung Jawab Budaya Keselamatan BATAN dan Ketua Tim Keselamatan Reaktor RSG-GAS (2014–2019), serta Koordinator Desain Reaktor Berbahan Bakar Plat (2014–2017). Saat ini memimpin kelompok riset Keandalan Sistem Pendingin dan Rekayasa Proses Reaktor BRIN (2022) dan menjadi Anggota TP2U PRTRN BRIN (2023–2025). Selain itu, aktif sebagai pembicara dalam berbagai forum nasional dan internasional, termasuk sebagai dosen tamu di National Centre for Nuclear Research, Polandia, dan narasumber di berbagai webinar BRIN dan HIMNI. Juga membimbing tugas akhir tingkat sarjana di Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nuklir, tesis magister di Universitas Indonesia dan IPB, serta disertasi doktor di UI dan IPB.

Aktif dalam organisasi profesi ilmiah, antara lain sebagai anggota Himpunan Peneliti Indonesia (HIMPENINDO) periode 2017–2021, Persatuan Peneliti Indonesia (PPI) periode 2021–2025, Ketua Divisi Pengembangan Perempuan Nuklir Indonesia dari Himpunan Masyarakat Nuklir Indonesia (HIMNI) periode 2021–2025, serta Ketua International Council for Women in Technology and Industry (ICWITI) periode 2024–2025.

Menerima tanda penghargaan Satya Lencana Karya Satya 10 tahun (1997), 20 tahun (2007), dan 30 tahun (2017) dari Presiden Republik Indonesia, serta dianugerahi penghargaan sebagai Tokoh Nuklir Indonesia oleh Lembaga Kajian Nawacita (LKN) pada tahun 2023.

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