Instrumen Hukum untuk Keselamatan, Keamanan, dan Gardaman Nuklir

Authors

Eri Hiswara
ORTN BRIN
Suzie Darmawati
Purnabakti BATAN

Keywords:

legal instruments

Synopsis

Energi nuklir adalah pedang bermata dua. Di satu sisi, ia menawarkan solusi bag krisis energi dan harapan bagi pasien kanker. Di sisi lain, ia menyimpan kekuatan penghancur yang dapat menjadi mimpi buruk umat manusia. Lalu, bagaimana dunia dan Indonesia menjaga keseimbangan yang rapuh ini?

Buku "Instrumen Hukum untuk Keselamatan, Keamanan dan Gardaman Nuklir" mengajak Anda menyelami instrumen di balik pengamanan teknologi paling dahsyat di abad ini. Melalui instrumen-instrumen inilah, komunitas internasional—dari ruang sidang PBB hingga laboratorium IAEA—menyusun perjanjian dan konvensi untuk mencegah bencana.

Buku ini mengupas tuntas bagaimana keselamatan menjadi ukuran paling dasar untuk melindungi kita dari kecelakaan, bagaimana keamanan berjaga dari ancaman teror, dan bagaimana gardaman—istilah yang masih asing di telinga—bekerja sebagai mata-mata diplomatik untuk memastikan uranium dan plutonium tidak berakhir sebagai ancaman. Dari Konvensi Terorisme Nuklir hingga tantangan geopolitik pakta AUKUS, dari perjanjian Zona Bebas Senjata Nuklir di Asia Tenggara hingga Peraturan Pemerintah terbaru di Indonesia, buku ini merangkai benang merah yang menghubungkan keputusan di meja perundingan global dengan keselamatan Anda di rumah.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations). (t.t.1). Nuclear safety, security and safeguards. Diakses pada 1 November 2024 dari https://asean.org/our-communities/asean-political-security-community/peaceful-secure-and-stable-region/nuclear-safety-security-and-safeguards/

ASEAN (t.t.2). Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone.

https://agreement.asean.org/media/download/20131230234315.pdf

BAPETEN (Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir). (t.t.). Pedoman Teknis (Pedtek). Diakses tanggal 10 November 2024 dari https://sites.google.com/view/produkkajian/produk-kajian/pedoman-teknis-pedtek

Blunt, J. & N.C. Balchin (2002). Radiation, dalam Health and Safety in Welding and Allied Processes (Fifth Ed.) (J. Blunt & N.C. Balchin (Eds.), 67-71.

https://doi.org/ 10.1533/9781855737488.1.67

Safitri, D. (2024, 13 November). Hashim: Pemerintah Cari Lokasi Pas untuk PLTN di Indonesia. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20241113105758-641-1166052/hashim-pemerintah-cari-lokasi-pas-untuk-pltn-di-indonesia

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). (t.t.1). The Statute of the IAEA. Diakses pada 10 November 2024 dari https://www.iaea.org/about/statute

IAEA. (t.t.2). Coordination of inter-agency response. Diakses pada 10 November 2024 dari https://www.iaea.org/topics/international-arrangements

IAEA. (1968). The Agency’s Safeguards System (1965, as provisionally extended in 1966 and 1968). INFCIRC/66/Rev.2.

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1965/infcirc66r2.pdf

IAEA (1972). The structure and content of agreements between the Agency and States required in connection with the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. INFCIRC/153 (Corrected).

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1972/infcirc153.pdf

IAEA. (1980). The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. INFCIRC/274/Rev.1.

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc274r1.pdf

IAEA. (1986a). Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident. INFCIRC/335.

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc335.pdf

IAEA. (1986b). Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. INFCIRC/336..

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc336.pdf

IAEA. (1994). Convention on Nuclear Safety. INFCIRC/449.

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc449.pdf

IAEA. (1997). Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. INFCIRC/546.

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc546.pdf

IAEA. (1998). Model Protocol Additional to the Agreements(s) Between State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards. INFCIRC/540 (Corrected).

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc540c.pdf

IAEA. (2004a). Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources.

https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Code-2004_web.pdf

IAEA. (2004b). Guidelines and Format for Preparation and Submission of Declarations Pursuant to Articles 2 and 3 of the Model Protocol Additional to Safeguards Agreements. (2004b).

https://www.iaea.org/publications/7072/guidelines-and-format-for-preparation-and-submission-of-declarations-pursuant-to-articles-2-and-3-of-the-model-protocol-additional-to-safeguards-agreements

IAEA (2005a). Nuclear Security Plan 2010-2013. GOV/2009/54=GC(53)/18.

https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc53-18_en.pdf

IAEA (2005b). Categorization of radioactive sources. Safety Standards No. RS-G-1.9

https://www.iaea.org/publications/7237/categorization-of-radioactive-sources

IAEA. (2006a). The Standard Text of Safeguards Agreements in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons – Revision of the Standardized Text of the “Small Quatitites Protocol”. GOV/INF/276/Mod.1

https://ola.iaea.org/OLA/documents/ginf276mod1.pdf

IAEA. (2006b). Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors.

https://www.iaea.org/publications/7380/code-of-conduct-on-the-safety-of-research-reactors

IAEA. (2012). Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources.

https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/8901_web.pdf

IAEA. (2013). Safeguards Implementation Guide for States with Small Quantities Protocols. Services Series 22. (2013).

https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/svs22_web.pdf

IAEA. (2014). Safeguards Implementation Practices Guide on Facilitating IAEA Verification Activities. Services Series 30. (2014).

https://www.iaea.org/publications/10802/safeguards-implementation-practices-guide-on-facilitating-iaea-verification-activities

IAEA. (2015). Safeguards Implementation Practices Guide on Establishing and Maintaining State Safeguards Infrastructure. Services Series 31. (2015).

https://www.iaea.org/publications/10868/safeguards-implementation-practices-guide-on-establishing-and-maintaining-state-safeguards-infrastructure

IAEA. (2016a). Guidance for States Implementing Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocols. Services Series 21. (2016).

https://www.iaea.org/publications/8842/guidance-for-states-implementing-comprehensive-safeguards-agreements-and-additional-protocols

IAEA. (2016b). Safeguards Implementation Practices Guide on Provision of Information to the IAEA. Services Series 33. (2016b).

https://www.iaea.org/publications/11083/safeguards-implementation-practices-guide-on-provision-of-information-to-the-iaea

IAEA. (2018). Guidance on the Management of Disused Radioactive Sources.

https://www.iaea.org/publications/13380/guidance-on-the-management-of-disused-radioactive-sources

IAEA (2022). IAEA nuclear safety and security glossary. 2022 (interim) Edition.

https://www.iaea.org/publications/15236/iaea-nuclear-safety-and-security-glossary

ILO (International Labour Organization). (1960a). C115 – Radiation Protection Covention, 1960 (No. 115). Diakses pada 10 November 2024 dari https://normlex.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312260

ILO (1960b). R114 – Radiation Protection Recommendation, 1960 (No. 114). Diakses pada 10 November 2024 dari https://normlex.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100::::12100:P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312452

IMO (International Maritime Organization). (t.t.). Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Martime Navigation, Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on Continental Shelf. Diakses pada 11 November 2024 dari https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/SUA-Treaties.aspx

Liou, J. (2024). What are radioactive sources? Diakses pada 12 Oktober 2024 dari

https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-radioactive-sources

Kemenaker (Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia) (2022). Profil Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Nasional Indonesia Tahun 2022. https://satudata.kemnaker.go.id/publikasi/75

Pedoman Teknis Penerapan K3 Lingkungan Kerja (Pedoman Permenaker) Nomor 5 Tahun 2018. (2018). https://katigaku.top/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pedoman-Permenaker-No.5-Th.-2018-13072018.pdf

Perka BAPETEN (Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir) Nomor 9 Tahun 2006 tentang Pelaksanaan Protokol Tambahan Pada Sistem Pertanggungjawaban dan pengendalian Bahan Nuklir. (2006).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-kepala-badan-pengawas-tenaga-nuklir-nomor-9-tahun-2006-tentang-pelaksanaan-protokol-tambahan-pada-sistem-pertanggungjawaban-dan-pengendalian-bahan-nuklir

Perka BAPETEN Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyusunan dan Format Deklarasi Dalam Pelaksanaan Protokol Tambahan Pada Sistem Pertanggungjawaban dan Pengendalian Bahan Nuklir. (2008).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-kepala-badan-pengawas-tenaga-nuklir-nomor-9-tahun-2008-tentang-penyusunan-dan-format-deklarasi-dalam-pelaksanaan-protokol-tambahan-pada-sistem-pertanggungjawaban-dan-pengendalian-bahan-nuklir

Perka BAPETEN Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang Sistem Seifgard (2011). https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-kepala-badan-no-4-tahun-2011-tentang-sistem-seifgard

Perka BAPETEN Nomor 4 Tahun 2013 tentang Proteksi dan Keselamatan Radiasi Dalam Pemanfaatan Tenaga Nuklir. (2013).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-kepala-badan-no-4-tahun-2013-tentang-keselamatan-radiasi-dalam-pemanfaatan-tenaga-nuklir

Perka BAPETEN Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 tentang Keamanan Sumber Radioaktif. (2015).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-kepala-badan-no-6-tahun-2015-tahun-2015-tentang-keamanan-sumber-radioaktif

Permenkes (Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan) Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit. (2019).

https://jdih.maritim.go.id/cfind/source/files/permenkes/permenkes-no.-7-tahun-2019.pdf

PP (Peraturan Pemerintah) Nomor 29 Tahun 2008 tentang Perizinan Pemanfaatan Sumber Radiasi Pengion dan Bahan Nuklir. (2008).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-29-tahun-2008-tentang-perizinan-pemanfaatan-sumber-radiasi-pengion-dan-bahan-nuklir

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-61-tahun-2013-tentang-pengelolaan-limbah-radioaktif

PP Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perizinan Instalasi Nuklir dan Pemanfaatan Bahan Nuklir. (2014).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-no-2-tahun-2014-tentang-perizinan-instalasi-nuklir-dan-pemanfaatan-bahan-nuklir

PP Nomor 58 Tahun 2015 tentang Keselamatan Radiasi dan Keamanan Dalam Pengangkutan Zat Radioaktif. (2015).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-58-tahun-2015-tentang-keselamatan-radiasi-dan-keamanan-dalam-pengangkutan-zat-radioaktif

PP Nomor 52 Tahun 2022 tentang Keselamatan dan Keamanan Pertambangan Bahan Galian Nuklir (2022).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-no-52-tahun-2022-tentang-keselamatan-dan-keamanan-pertambangan-bahan-galian-nuklir

PP Nomor 54 Tahun 2012 tentang Keselamatan dan Keamanan Instalasi Nuklir. (2012).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-54-tahun-2012-tentang-keselamatan-dan-keamanan-instalasi-nuklir

PP Nomor 45 Tahun 2023 tentang Keselamatan Radiasi pengion dan Keamanan Zat Radioaktif. (2023).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-pemerintah-no-45-tahun-2023-tentang- keselamatan-radiasi-pengion-dan-keamanan-zat-radioaktif.

Perpres (Peraturan Presiden) Nomor 69 Tahun 2019 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Keselamatan Nuklir dan Radiasi. (2019).

https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-presiden-no-60-tahun-2019-tentang-kebijakan-dan-strategi-nasional-keselamatan-nuklir-dan-radiasi

UN (United Nations). (1998). International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings. A/RES/52/164, 9 January 1998.

https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/docs/A_RES_52_164-E.pdf

UN (2001). UN Security Council. Resolution 1373 (2001). S/RES/1373 (2001).

https://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/terrorism/res_1373_english.pdf

UN (2004). UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004). S/RES/1540 (2004).

https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n04/328/43/pdf/n0432843.pdf

UN (2005). International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/English_18_15.pdf

UN (2006). The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. A/RES/60/288.

https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n05/504/88/pdf/n0550488.pdf

UNOCT (United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism). (2024). Parliamentary Handbook on Securitt Council Resolution 1373 (2001).

https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/sites/www.un.org.counterterrorism/files/oct_pe_handbook.pdf

UU (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia) Nomor 10 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketenaganukliran. (2017). https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/undang-undang-republik-indonesia-nomor-10-tahun-1997-tentang-ketenaganukliran.

World Health Organization (WHO). (1972). Development of the medical use of ionizing radiation. WHA25.57.

https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/91991/WHA25.57_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Published

September 3, 2026

Categories

HOW TO CITE