Metodologi Penelitian Musik: Menggunakan Pendekatan Kualitatif

Authors

Riyan Hidayatullah
Universitas Lampung
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-229X

Keywords:

Penelitian musik, metode penelitian musik, pendidikan musik, musikologi, etnografi, etnomusikologi

Synopsis

Metodologi penelitian merupakan fondasi utama dalam setiap kerja ilmiah, termasuk dalam bidang musik. Sayangnya, literatur metodologi penelitian yang secara khusus membahas musik masih sangat terbatas di Indonesia—terutama yang ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan pendekatan yang kontekstual dan praktis. Sebagian besar sumber yang tersedia ditulis dalam bahasa asing dengan kerangka pikir yang belum tentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan peneliti lokal, sehingga menciptakan kesenjangan literasi metodologis yang cukup signifikan di kalangan mahasiswa maupun peneliti pemula.

Metodologi Penelitian Musik: Menggunakan Pendekatan Kualitatif hadir untuk mengisi kekosongan tersebut. Buku ini membahas secara sistematis dan komprehensif berbagai aspek esensial dalam penelitian musik, mulai dari landasan teoretis, perumusan masalah, tahapan penelitian, teknik pengumpulan data, analisis dan interpretasi data, pengabsahan data, hingga ragam desain penelitian seperti etnografi, fenomenologi, grounded theory, etnomusikologi, dan analisis konten. Buku ini juga mengulas cara menyusun laporan penelitian dan mempublikasikan hasilnya di jurnal ilmiah, prosiding, maupun book chapter. Dilengkapi dengan contoh-contoh penerapan yang berpijak pada konteks musik lokal Indonesia, buku ini dapat digunakan sebagai panduan praktis sekaligus referensi akademis bagi mahasiswa, dosen, dan peneliti di bidang musik.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Riyan Hidayatullah, Universitas Lampung

Riyan Hidayatullah yang memiliki gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Musik dan Master di bidang Pendidikan Seni adalah seorang dosen di Program Studi Pendidikan Musik Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Lampung. Spesialisasi alat musik yang dikuasai adalah gitar listrik dan kontrabas. Pengalaman bermusik di antaranya menjadi pemain gitar di beberapa grup band, tergabung dalam orkestra Gita Bahana Nusantara, dan beberapa orkestra di kota Bandung dan Jakarta.
Riyan merupakan anak pertama dari tiga bersaudara dan kedua orang tuanya berprofesi sebagai guru. Kehidupan bermusiknya dimulai saat berusia 13 tahun mengikuti berbagai festival band dan kemudian memutuskan untuk menempuh pendidikan musik formal di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia di Bandung. Program S1 dan S2 diselesaikan dalam waktu tujuh tahun. Kehidupan bermusiknya tidak pernah lepas dengan pendidikan. Riyan pernah mengajar mulai jenjang pendidikan Taman Kanak-Kanak sampai Sekolah Menengah Atas. Selain menjadi staf pengajar di Universitas Lampung, Riyan aktif menulis buku dan meneliti.
Beberapa buku yang pernah disusun di antaranya Dasar-Dasar Musik dan Estetika Seni tahun 2016, Lanskap Musik Nonteks dan Pengantar Seni Pertunjukan Lampung tahun 2017, Pendidikan Musik di Era Digital (Book Chapter), Sistem Komunikasi Musikal dalam Gitar Tunggal Lampung Pesisir (Book Chapter), Metode Pembelajaran Pisaan Lampung, dan Solfegio tahun 2021, Tradisi Musik Orang Lampung, Analisis Musik, dan Pendidikan Musik (Edisi Revisi) tahun 2022, Pembelajaran Musik secara Daring tahun 2023, Gitar Tunggal Lampung Pesisir: Eksistensi, Enkulturasi, dan Pewarisan Musik Informal dalam Perspektif Etnopedagogi, Teori-Teori Pembelajaran Musik, Ontologi Musik dan Pendidikan, dan Vokal Dasar tahun 2024. Di tahun 2022, Riyan baru menyelesaikan pendidikan doktornya di Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Semarang. Penulis dapat dihubungi melalui alamat surel: riyan.1002@fkip.unila.ac.id.

References

Abrahams, F. (2005). The Application of Critical Pedagogy to Music Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 23(2), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/87551233050230020103

Ahimsa-Putra, H. S. (2015). Seni tradisi, jati diri dan strategi kebudayaan. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.1195

Ahmed, S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051

American Musicological Society. (n.d.). What is musicology? - American Musicological Society [Webpage]. https://www.amsmusicology.org/page/whatismusicology

Anzul, M., Downing, M., Ely, M., & Vinz, R. (2003). On writing qualitative research: Living by words. Routledge.

Ariyani, F., Hidayatullah, R., Putrawan, G. E., Perdana, R., Sulaeman, D., & Dzakiria, H. (2023). Translating the Lampung oral literature into music for educational purpose: A case atudy of pisaan on the Indonesian Island of Sumatra. Education Research International, 2023, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8643881

Baker, P. R., Francis, D. P., Hall, B. J., Doyle, J., & Armstrong, R. (2010). Managing the production of a Cochrane systematic review. Journal of Public Health, 32(3), 448–50.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.

Barendregt, B. (2021). Digital ethnography, or “deep hanging out” in the age of big data. In Audiovisual and digital ethnography: A practical and theoretical guide. Routledge.

Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (Second edition). SAGE.

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1997). Writing Narrative Literature Reviews. Review of General Psychology, 1(3), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.3.311

Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (Second edition). SAGE.

Beck, L. C., Trombetta, W. L., & Share, S. (1986). Using focus group sessions before decisions are made. North Carolina Medical Journal, 47(2), 73–74.

Beer, L. (2013). Qualitative music. The Qualitative Report, 18(21), 1–11. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2013.1515

Bem, D. J. (1995). Writing a review article for Psychological Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin, 118(2), 172–77.

Bent, I. (1987). Analysis. MacMillan Press.

Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member Checking: A Tool to Enhance Trustworthiness or Merely a Nod to Validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802–1811. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316654870

Blacking, J. (2000). How musical is man? (6th ed.). University of Washington Press.

Blacking, J. (1971). Deep and surface structures in Venda music. Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, 3, 91–108.

Bloch, M. E. F. (1998). How we think they think: Anthropological approaches to cognition, memory, and literacy. Westview Press.

Blumer, H. (1986). Interactionism: perspective and method. University of California Press.

Bresler, L. (2021). Qualitative paradigms in music education research. Visions of Research in Music Education, 16(3), 64–79.

Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative research for education: An intoduction to theory and methods. Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

Booth, A., Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review (Second edition). Sage.

Borgdorff, H. (2012). The conflict of the faculties. perspectives on artistic research and academia. Leiden University Press.

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

Burnard, P. (2004). Writing a qualitative research report. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 12(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaen.2003.11.006

Byrne, D., & Callaghan, G. (2014). Complexity theory and the social sciences. Routledge.

Campbell, P. S. (2003). Ethnomusicology and music education: Crossroads for knowing music, education, and culture. Research Studies in Music Education, 21(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X030210010201

Carr, E. H. (2001). What is history. Palgrave.

Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.545-547

Clarke, M., & Chalmers, I. (1998). Discussion sections in reports of controlled trials published in general medical journals. Islands in search of continents? JAMA, 280(280–2).

Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory (2nd Edition). Sonoma State University: SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/asi/constructing-grounded-theory/book235960

Collier, M. (2001). Approaches to analysis in visual anthropology. In T. V. Leeuwen & C. Jewitt (Eds.), Handbook of visual analysis (pp. 35–60). Sage.

Cook, N. (1987). A guide to musical analysis. W.W. Norton & Company.

Cooley, T. J., & Gregory, B. (2008). Casting Shadows in the Field: An Introduction. In Shadows in the Field: New Perspectives for Fieldwork in Ethnomusicology (2nd ed). Oxford University Press.

Crawford, T., & Gibson, L. (Eds.). (2009). Modern Methods for Musicology. Ashgate Publishing limited.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). Pearson.

Croft, J. (2015). Composition is not research. Tempo, 69(272), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0040298214000989

Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology.

Daigneault, P. M., Jacob, S., & Ouimet, M. (2014). Using systematic review methods within a Ph D dissertation in political science: Challenges and lessons learned from practice. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 17(3), 267–83.

Daveson, B. A. (2016). Charting the terrain of grounded theory research in music therapy: Where we’ve been and where we have the potential to go. In J. Edwards (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of music therapy (pp. 748–767). Oxford University Press.

Deacon, S. A. (2006). Creativity within qualitative research on families: New ideas for old methods. In S. N. Hesse-Biber & P. Leavy (Eds.), Emergent methods in social research (pp. 95–108). Sage.

Denzin, N. K. (1978). Sociological methods: A sourcebook. McGraw-Hill.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 1–22). SAGE. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573668925240107904

DeVoto, M. (2003). Analysis. In M. Randel (Ed.), The Harvard Dictionary of Music (4th edition). Harvard University Press.

Dogantan-Dack, M. (Ed.). (2016). Artistic practice as research in music: Theory, criticism, practice. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317178217

Drisko, J. W. (1997). Strengthening Qualitative Studies and Reports: Standards to Promote Academic Integrity. Journal of Social Work Education, 33(1), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.1997.10778862

Drisko, J. W. (2005). Writing up Qualitative Research. Families in Society, 86(4), 589–593. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3465

Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 532–550.

Feagin, J. R., Orum, A. M., & Sjoberg, G. (Eds.). (1991). A case for the case study. University of North Carolina Press.

Ferreira, C. S. A. (2012). Second Life: Representation and remediation of social space (Unpublished Catholic University of Portugal Doctoral Dissertation). Catholic University of Portugal.

Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed, pp. 301–316). Sage.

Fine, M. (1994). Working the hyphens: Reinventing the self and other in qualitative research. In Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 70–82). SAGE.

Fink, A. (2005). Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper (2nd Edition). SAGE.

Folkestad, G. (2006). Formal and informal learning situations or practices vs formal and informal ways of learning. British Journal of Music Education, 23(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051706006887

Erickson, K. C., & Stull, D. D. (1997). Doing team ethnography. Sage Publications.

Gelir, I. (2021). Can insider be outsider? Doing an ethnographic research in a familiar setting. Ethnography and Education, 16(2), 226–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2021.1905535

Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Prentice-Hall.

Garraghan, G. J. (1957). A Guide to Historical Method (4th ed.). United States of America: Fordham University Press.

Giddens, A. (1991). Sociology. Polity Press.

Given, L. M. (2008). Researcher as instrument. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods (pp. 767-767). , (pp. 767–767). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Transaction.

Golden-Biddle, K., & Locke, K. (2007). Composing Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications, Inc. http://methods.sagepub.com/book/composing-qualitative-research

Green, L. (2008). Music, informal learning and the school: A new classroom pedagogy. Ashgate.

Grover, V. K. (2015). Research approach: An overview. Golden Research Thoughts, 4(8), 1–8.

Geertz, C. (1973). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In C. Greetz (Ed.), The interpretation of cultures (pp. 2–30). Basic Books.

George, A., & Bennett, A. (2004). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MIT Press.

Gerring, J. (2004). What is a case study and what is it good for? American Political Science Review, 98, 341–354.

Giorgi, A. (Ed.). (1985). Phenomenology and psychological research. Duquesne University Press.

Given, L. M. (2008). Music in qualitative research. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications.

Guntur. (2016a). Metode penelitian artistik. (A.N. Panindias,Ed.). ISI Press. https://penerbitan.isi-ska.ac.id/

Guntur. (2016b). Penelitian artistik: Sebuah paradigma alternatif.

Hart, C. (1998). Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination. Sage.

Herbst, J.-P., & Mynett, M. (2022). What is “Heavy” in Metal? A Netnographic Analysis of Online Forums for Metal Musicians and Producers. Popular Music and Society, 45(5), 633–653. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2022.2114155

Hess, J. (2020). Finding the “both/and”: Balancing informal and formal music learning. International Journal of Music Education, 38(3), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761420917226

Hesse-Biber, S. N., & Leavy, P. (Eds.). (2006). Emergent methods in social research. Sage.

Hartwig, K. A. (Ed.). (2014). Research methodologies in music education. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Hidayatullah, R. (2022). Analisis musik. Yogyakarta: Arttex. http://grahailmu.id/arttex/produk/analisis-musik/

Hidayatullah, R. (2022b). Desain penelitian musik di era digital (sebuah tinjauan studi literatur). Virtuoso: Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Penciptaan Musik, 5(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.26740/vt.v5n1.p28-40

Hidayatullah, R. (2022). Merefleksikan netnografi untuk penelitian seni (resensi buku). Pelataran Seni, 7(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v7i1.13394

Hidayatullah, R. (2024). Gitar tunggal Lampung Pesisir: Eksistensi, enkulturasi, dan pewarisan musik informal dalam perspektif etnopedagogi. BRIN.

Hine, C. (2000). Virtual ethnography. SAGE.

Hine, C. (2015). Ethnography for the internet. Bloomsbury Academic.

Hodeir, A. (1966). The forms of music. Walker.

Holloway, I. (2005). Qualitative Research in Health Care. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Hood, M. (1971). The ethnomusicologist. Kent State University Press.

Hopkins, C. D. (1976). Educational research: A structure for inquiry. Charles E. Merrill, Chapters 1 and 2.

Hughes, D. W. (1988). Deep structure and surface structure in Javanese music A grammar of gendhing lampah. Journal of the Society for Ethnomusicology, 32(1), 23–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/852225

Irawan, R. (2013). Deep structure pada peting gambus dan gitar Lampung Pesisir (Master Thesis). Pasca Sarjana Kajian Musik Nusantara, Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah.

Irawan R, R. (2016). Ritme inti pada gambus dan gitar Lampung Pesisir: Sebuah kajian transformasi musikal. In M. Widodo, U. Suparman, Sumarti, & E. S. Agustina (Eds.), Prodising Konferensi Internasional VI, Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Daerah Indonesia (pp. 461–472). Bandar Lampung: Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Daerah (MPBSD) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu PendidikanUniversitas Lampung.

Janesick, V. J. (2011). Stretching exercises for qualitative researchers (3rd ed). SAGE Publications.

Jarzabkowski, P., Bednarek, R., & Cabantous, L. (2015). Conducting global team-based ethnography: Methodological challenges and practical methods. Human Relations, 68(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726714535449

Jones, N. R. (1997). Improvisation in the beginning piano class (Thesis). North Texas State University, Denton, Texas.

Kant, I. (1923). Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft (German Edition). Philipp Reclam, Jun Verlag GmbH.

Karlin, F., & Wright, R. (2004). On the Track: A Guide to Contemporary Film Scoring (2nd Ed). Routledge.

Keen, P. (2022). aural archipelago [Situs Web]. https://www.auralarchipelago.com

Ketelle, D. (2010). The ground they walk on : Photography and narrative inquiry. The Qualitative Report, 15(3), 547–568.Kirk, J., & Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and validity in qualitative research (Vol. 1). SAGE Publications.

Koentjaraningrat. (1974). Kebudayaan, mentalitas, dan pembangunan. Gramedia.

Kolinski, M. (1959). The evaluation of tempo. Ethnomusicology, 3, 45–56.

Kostova, I. (2017). Thick Description. In The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory (pp. 1–2). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118430873.est0774

Kozinets, R. V. (1998). On netnography: Initial reflections on consumer research investigations of cyberculture. In J. Alba & W. Hutchinson (Eds.), NA - Advances in consumer research (Vol. 25, pp. 366–371). Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research. https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/8180/volumes/v25/NA-25/full

Kozinets, R. V. (2002). The Field behind the Screen: Using Netnography for Marketing Research in Online Communities. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), 61–72.

Kozinets, R. V. (2015). Netnography: Redefined. (M. Steele,Ed.) (2nd Ed). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Kramer, L. (2002). Musical Meaning: Toward a Critical History. University of California Press.

Krueger, R. A. (1998). Developing Questions for Focus Groups. SAGE Publications.

Kunst, J. (1974). Ethnomusicology: A study of its nature, its problems, methods and representative personalities to which is added a bibliography (3rd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. http://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3103785

Lacey, A., & Luff, D. (2009). Qualitative data analysis. Trent Focus Group.

LeCompte, M. D., Klinger, J. K., Campbell, S. A., & Menke, D. W. (2003). Editor’s introduction. Review of Educational Research, 73(2), 123–4.

Letule, N., Ala-Ruona, E., & Erkkilä, J. (2018). Professional freedom: A grounded theory on the use of music analysis in psychodynamic music therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 27(5), 448–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2018.1490920

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.

Lochhead, J. (1986). Phenomenological approaches to the analysis of music: Report from Binghamton. In Theory and practice,11 (pp. 9–13). http://www.jstor.org/stable/41054204

Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. H. (1984). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis. Wads worth Publishing Company.

Lysoff, R. T. A. (1997). Mozart in Mirrorshades: Ethnomusicology, Technology, and the Politics of Representation. Ethnomusicology, 41(2), 206–219.

Mahoney, J. (2007). Qualitative methodology and comparative politics. Comparative Political Studies, 40, 122–144.

Martopo, H. (2006). Paradigma baru penelitian seni. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v7i3.737

Maryaeni. (2012). Metode penelitian kebudayaan (Cetakan ke-3). Bumi Aksara.

Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper & Row, Publishers , Inc.

Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. H., Moyo, I., Mthombeni, A., Ndou, A., Mamabolo, L., Ngwenya, T., Marebane, T., & Netshapapame, T. (2022). WhatsApp as a Qualitative Data Collection Method in Descriptive Phenomenological Studies. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21, 16094069221111124. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221111124

Maxwell, J., & Miller, B. (Eds.). (2008). Categorising and connecting strategies in qualitative data analysis. In Handbook of emergent methods. Guildford Press.

Miksza, P., & Elpus, K. (2018). Design and Analysis for Quantitative Research in Music Education. Oxford University Press.

McGhee, G., Marland, G. R., & Atkinson, J. (2007). Grounded theory research: Literature reviewing and reflexivity. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(3), 334–42.

Mead, M. (1935). Sex and temperament in three primitive societies. Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Mead, M. (2002). Cooperation and Competition Among Primitive Peoples. Transaction Publishers.

Merriam, A. P. (1964). The anthropology of music. Northwestern University Press.

Messick, S. (1989). Meaning and Values in Test Validation: The Science and Ethics of Assessment. Educational Researcher, 18(2), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018002005

Mielke, S., & Andrews, B. W. (2023). Composing for students: Composers’ reflections on the process of creating educational music. Research Studies in Music Education, 45(2), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X221114613

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (Third edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135

Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif (36th ed.). PT. Remaja Rodakarya.

Monash University. (2025). Using academic journal articles for research and study [Monash University]. Student Academic Success. https://www.monash.edu/student-academic-success/study-better/develop-strategies-for-reading-and-note-making/using-academic-journal-articles-for-research-and-study

Morse, J. M. (1994). Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE.

Moustakas, C. E. (2009). Phenomenological research methods (Nachdr.). Sage.

Mulrow, C. D. (1995). Rationale for systematic reviews. In I. Chalmers & D. Altman (Eds.), Systematic Reviews. MJ Publishing Group.

Murchison, J. M. (2010). Ethnography essentials: Designing, conducting, and presenting your research (1st ed). Jossey-Bass.

Murdock, G. P. (1956). How culture changes. In H. L. Shapiro (Ed.), Man, culture, and society (pp. 247–260). Oxford University Press.

Neal, A. S. (2017, August 9). Hammers (2015) for toy piano [score video]. Adam Scott Neal. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hM-ZfjMQn0

Neal, A. S. (2023, October 10). Music composition as research [Blog]. Retrieved 8 January 2025 from https://soundpudding.com/music-composition-as-research

Nettl, B. (1964). Theory and method ethnomusicology. Free Press of Glencoe.

Nettl, B. (1983). The Study of Ethnomusicology (New, Vol. 7). University of Illinois Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/780225?origin=crossref

Nettl, B. (2005). An ethnomusicological perspective. International Journal of Music Education, 23(2), 131–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761405052407

Neuman, L. W. (2014). Basics of Social Research: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. Pearson Education Limited.

OECD. (2015). Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/frascati-manual-2015_9789264239012-en

Olmos-Vega, F. M., Stalmeijer, R. E., Varpio, L., & Kahlke, R. (2023). A practical guide to reflexivity in qualitative research: AMEE Guide No. 149. Medical Teacher, 45(3), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2022.2057287

O’Neill, S. A. (2014). Mind the gap: Transforming music engagement through learner-centred informal music learning. The Recorder: Journal of the Ontario Music Educators’ Association, 56(2), 18–22.

O’Reilly, K. (2009). Insider ethnographies. In Key Concepts in Ethnography. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446268308

Parkin, S., Locock, L., Montgomery, C., & Chisholm, A. (2021). ‘Team ethnography visual maps’: Methods for identifying the ethnographic object in multiple sites of fieldwork. Ethnography, 22(4), 556–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/14661381211038383

Perkins, A. (2010). Identification in popular music: A netnographic exploration of online fan communities. In Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference. http://anzmac2010. org/proceedings/pdf/anzmac10Final00030. pdf.

Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1189–1208.

Pezalla, A. E., Pettigrew, J., & Miller-Day, M. (2012). Researching the researcher-as-instrument: An exercise in interviewer self-reflexivity. Qualitative Research, 12(2), 165–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794111422107

Phelps, R. P., Sadoff, R. H., Warburton, E. C., & Ferrara, L. (2005). A guide to research in music education (5th edition). The Scarecrow Press, Inc.

Phillippi, J., & Lauderdale, J. (2018). A Guide to Field Notes for Qualitative Research: Context and Conversation. Qualitative Health Research, 28(3), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732317697102

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012). Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Przybylski, L. (2020). Hybrid ethnography: Online, offline, and in between (Vol. 58). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Pudaruth, S., Moheeputh, S., Permessur, N., & Chamroo, A. (2018). Sentiment analysis from facebook comments using automatic coding in NVivo 11. ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal, 7(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.14201/ADCAIJ2018714148

Putra, R. E. K., Rachman, A., Raharjo, E., & Suharto, S. (2021). Interaksi simbolik pada pertunjukan musik keroncong oleh Orkes Keroncong Gunung Jati new musik di Stasiun Tawang Semarang. Gondang: Jurnal Seni Dan Budaya, 5(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v5i1.19996

Ragin, C. C. (1992). Introduction: Cases of “what is a case?” In C. C. Ragin & H. Becker (Eds.), What is a case? Exploring the foundations of social inquiry (pp. 1–17). Cambridge University Press.

Ragin, C. C., & Amoroso, L. M. (2011). Constructing social research (2nd ed). Sage.

Randolph, J. (2009). A guide to writing the dissertation literature review. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 14(13).

Rice, T. (2014). Ethnomusicology: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.

Rodgers, B. L., & Cowles, K. V. (1993). The qualitative research audit trail: A complex collection of documentation. Research in Nursing & Health, 16(3), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770160309

Riessman, C. K. (1994). Preface: Making room for diversity in social work research. In C. K. Riessman (Ed.), Qualitative studies in social work (pp. vii–xx). SAGE.

Rohidi, T. R. (2011). Metodologi penelitian seni. Cipta Prima Nusantara Semarang.

Roy, W., & Dowd, T. (2010). ‘What is sociological about music?’ Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 183-203 [Online]. https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102618

Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2003). Techniques to Identify Themes. Field Methods, 15(1), 85–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X02239569

Sage Publications. (2022). Methods Map: Ethnography: SAGE Research Methods [Website]. https://methods.sagepub.com/methods-map/ethnography

Sahlins, M. (1994). Goodbye to tristes tropique: Ethnography in the context of modern world history. In R. Borofsky (Ed.), Assessing cultural anthropology (pp. 377–395). McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Seale, C. (2003). Quality in qualitative research. In Y. S. Lincoln & N. K. Denzin (Eds.), Turning points in qualitative research: Tying knots in a handkerchief (Crossroads in Qualitative Inquiry No.3 (pp. 169–184). AltaMira Press.

Seeger, A. (1983). Why Suyá Sing. Oxford University Press.

Schwandt, T. A., & Gates, E. F. (2018). Case study methodology. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed, pp. 600–630). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Schwandt, T. A. (2014). The SAGE Dictionary of Qualitative Inquiry. SAGE Publications.

Scrivener, S. A. R. (2002). The art object does not embody a form of knowledge. Working Papers in Art and Design. http://www.herts.ac.uk/artdes1/research/p apers/wpades/vol2/scrivenerfull.htm

Simaremare, L. (2017). Perubahan budaya musik dari perspektif teori kebudayaan. CIKINI: Jurnal Seni Nasional, 1(1), 7–25.

Simmons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice. Sage.

Slobin, M. (1993). Ethical Issues. In H. Meyers (Ed.), Ethnomusicology: An Introduction (pp. 329–336). Norton.

Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding Approaches for Research: Understanding and Using Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. Journal of Developmental Education, 44(1), 26–28.

Stake, R. R. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.

Stein, L. (1979). Structure & style : The study and analysis of musical forms (Expanded). Summy-Birchard Inc.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Snyder, H. (2024). Designing the literature review for a strong contribution. Journal of Decision Systems, 33(4), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2023.2197704

Soeprapto. (2002). Interaksionisme simbolik. PT. Averroes Press.

Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Stein, L. (1979). Structure & style: The study and analysis of musical forms (Expanded). Summy-Birchard Inc.

Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge University Press.

Suthcott, J., & Sell, D. (2014). Historical research in music education. In K. A. Hartwig (Ed.), Research methodologies in music education (pp. 9–34). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Swanborn, P. (2010). Case study research: What, why, and how? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Takari, M. (2009). Etnomusikologi, ilmu-ilmu seni, dan pengembangan teori [Webpage]. https://www.etnomusikologiusu.com/artikel-etnomusikologi.html

Taylor, D. (2020, May 3). The literature review: A few tips on conducting it [Webpage]. University of Toronto: Writing Advice. https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/types-of-writing/literature-review/

Tenor Boston. (2023). Call for Contributions – TENOR Conference Boston 2023 [Webpage]. https://tenorboston23.sites.northeastern.edu/call-for-contributions/

Thacher, D. (2006). The normative case study. American Journal of Sociology, 111, 1631–1676.

Thomson, S. B. (2011). Qualitative research: Validity. JOAAG, 6(1), 77–82.

Thornberg, R. (2012). Informed Grounded Theory. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56(3), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2011.581686

Tjahjadi, I., Andayani, S., & Wafa, H. (2020). Pengantar teori dan metode penelitian budaya. (A. Sutrisno & N. Hidayati,Eds.). Pagan Press.

Titon, J. T. (Ed.). (2009). Worlds of music: An introduction to the music of the world’s people (3rd ed.). Schirmer Cengage Learning.

Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing Integrative Literature Reviews: Guidelines and Examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283

Tovey, D. F. (1935). Essays in musical analysis (Vol. I–VI). Oxford University Press.

Tovey, D. F. (2013). The forms of music. Read Books Limited.

Tovey, D. F. (2014). Symphonies and Other Orchestral Works: Selections from Essays in Musical Analysis. Courier Dover Publications.

Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375

Tylor, E. B. (1871). Primitive culture (Vol. 1 & 2). John Murray.

USC Annenberg. (2018, February 28). Netnography: Robert Kozinets [YouTube]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8axfYomJn4

Van Kaam, A. (1966). Existential foundations of psychology. Duquesne University Press.

Vaughan, D. (1992). Theory elaboration: The heuristics of case analysis. In C. C. Ragin & H. Becker (Eds.), What is a case: Exploring the foundations of social inquiry (pp. 173–202). Cambridge University Press.

Varto, J. (2009). Basics of artistic research: Ontological, epistemological and historical justifications, University of Art and Design Helsinki Publication B94. Helsinki: Gummerus.

Wadiyo. (2003). Teori dan masalah penjelman seni dalam perspektf sosio-kultural. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 4(3). Retrieved 13 November 2021 from https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v4i3.727

Waldron, J. (2009). Exploring a virtual music community of practice: Informal music learning on the Internet. Journal of Music, Technology & Education, 2(2–3), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1386/jmte.2.2-3.97_1

Wa-Mbaleka, S. (2020). The Researcher as an Instrument. In A. P. Costa, L. P. Reis, & A. Moreira (Eds.), Computer Supported Qualitative Research (pp. 33–41). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31787-4_3

Weidner, B. N. (2020). A Grounded Theory of Musical Independence in the Concert Band. Journal of Research in Music Education, 68(1), 53–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429419897616

Weihs, C., Jannach, D., Vatolkin, I., & Rudolph, G. (Eds.). (2016). Music Data Analysis: Foundations and Applications. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315370996

Widdess, R. (2012). Music, meaning and culture. Empirical Musicology Review, 7(1–2), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.18061/1811/52985

Wilkinson, S. (1998). Focus group methodology: A review. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 1(3), 181–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.1998.10846874

Williamon, A., Ginsborg, J., Perkins, R., & Waddell, G. (2021). Performing music research: Methods in music education, psychology, and performance science. In Performing Music Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 March 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0002

Williams, R. (2014). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society (New edition). Oxford University Press.

White, C. (2022). The Music in the Data: Corpus Analysis, Music Analysis, and Tonal Traditions (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003285663

White, J. D. (2003). Comprehensive musical analysis. Scarecrow Press.

Wolcott, H. F. (2008). Writing Up Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.

Wong, L. (2008). Data Analysis in Qualitative Research : A Brief Guide to Using Nvivo. Malaysian Family Physician: The Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 3(1), 14–20.

Wood, P., & Sikes, P. (2022). Successful writing for qualitative researchers. Routledge.

Yarbrough, C. (2003). Multiple methods of research: Possibilities for the study of music teaching and learning. Research Studies in Music Education, 21(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X030210010101

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research (5th ed). Sage.

Downloads

Published

September 29, 2026
HOW TO CITE

Details about this monograph

ISBN-13 (15)

978-634-7933-02-7