Indonesia dalam Kancah Geopolitik di Indo-Pasifik
Keywords:
geopolitik, Indo-Pasifik, IndonesiaSynopsis
Buku ini membahas tentang konseptualisasi Indonesia dalam memaknai rivalitas Amerika Serikat (AS) melawan Tiongkok dalam geopolitik di Indo-Pasifik. Hal ini diawali dengan pemahaman tentang rivalitas kedua negara besar dalam enam aspek utama, yaitu ekonomi dan persaingan dagang, militer, kemajuan teknologi dan inovasi, politik dan ideologi, diplomasi dan aliansi, serta konflik kawasan. Buku ini menggunakan kerangka pemikiran mengenai keterkaitan antara geopolitik dan geoekonomi dalam rivalitas negara besar di kawasan.
Pembahasan mengenai dinamika geopolitik di kawasan Indo-Pasifik selalu melibatkan berbagai negara sebagai pelaku utamanya. AS pada awalnya mengembangkan pivot to Asia, disambut dengan Jepang yang membangun Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP), Australia menggunakan Australia’s Asian Century untuk memperkuat hubungan dengan negara-negara Asia, India yang merespons dengan Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) khususnya di kawasan Samudera Hindia, dan Tiongkok yang membangun koridor dunia melalui Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Sepuluh negara anggota ASEAN merespons dinamika geopolitik di kawasan Indo-Pasifik dengan pemahaman dan kebijakan yang berbeda satu sama lain.
Peningkatan aktivitas dan kekuatan ekonomi Tiongkok di kawasan Asia Pasifik membuat berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia merespons dengan berbagai cara. Salah satunya melalui de-risking atau pengurangan risiko sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi ketergantungan ekonomi pada negara-negara yang dianggap berbahaya secara geopolitik, baik terhadap AS maupun Tiongkok.
Persaingan strategis AS melawan Tiongkok juga muncul dalam industri nikel di Indonesia. Nikel yang merupakan komponen utama baterai lithium-ion menjadi bahan utama kendaraan listrik dan produk teknologi semikonduktor lainnya. Pemerintah Indonesia mengundang AS dan Tiongkok dalam pengembangan industri nikel domestik walaupun keduanya menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeda di mana AS menerapkan prinsip pasar bebas dan Tiongkok melancarkan pendekatan nasionalisme sumber daya.
Irisan antara Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) dan Poros Maritim Dunia (PMD) membuat pemerintah Indonesia mengundang investasi Tiongkok mengenai konektivitas maritim dan pembangunan ekonomi, khususnya energi hijau di Kalimantan Utara melalui Kalimantan Industrial Park Indonesia (KIPI). KIPI menjadi salah satu perpanjangan investasi Tiongkok di Indonesia mengenai energi bersih dan terbarukan.
Rivalitas AS-Tiongkok di ruang siber juga memengaruhi keamanan siber di Asia Tenggara. Hal ini terjadi karena persaingan kedua negara besar tersebut menjadi struktur yang membatasi upaya diplomasi siber negara-negara Asia Tenggara dan menghambat terbentuknya arsitektur norma keamanan siber yang solid di kawasan.
Kerja sama Selatan-Selatan Triangular (KSST) melalui kebijakan Look East merupakan strategi Indonesia untuk memperkuat hubungan dengan negara-negara Pasifik Selatan yang mencakup bantuan pembangunan, kerja sama sektoral, dan bantuan teknis. Dalam hal ini, diplomasi biru menjadi instrumen penting dalam memanfaatkan dan melestarikan sumber daya kelautan dan mendukung berbagai inisiatif ekonomi berbasis laut.
Chapters
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Memaknai Rivalitas Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok dalam Geopolitik di Indo-Pasifik
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Aktor-Aktor Dibalik Rivalitas Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok
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Indo-Pasifik dalam Pusaran Geoekonomi: De-Risking dan Implikasinya bagi Indonesia
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Rivalitas Tiongkok-Amerika Serikat dalam Industri Nikel di Indonesia
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Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) dalam Visi Indonesia Menuju Poros Maritim Dunia (PMD): Implikasi terhadap Kalimantan Industrial Park Indonesia (KIPI)
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Diplomasi Siber Asia Tenggara di Tengah Rivalitas AS-China di Indo-Pasifik
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Menavigasi Kebijakan Look East melalui Diplomasi Biru
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Menavigasi Arus Zaman: Posisi Indonesia di Tengah Persaingan dan Perubahan
Downloads
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