Resolusi Konflik dalam Perbandingan: Narasi Afrika dan Indonesia

Authors

Dwi Ardiyanti
Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Keywords:

Burundi, Konflik sosial, PBB, Afrika, Resolusi

Synopsis

Sepanjang sejarah peradaban manusia, konflik etnis telah banyak terjadi di berbagai negara di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Dengan lebih dari 1.300 suku menghuni seluruh wilayah negara kita, potensi terjadinya konflik sangatlah besar. Tak hanya korban jiwa, konflik etnis yang terjadi juga meninggalkan banyak pertanyaan: apa pemicunya, mengapa bisa terjadi eskalasi, dan bagaimana metode yang paling efektif untuk menanganinya?

Buku berjudul “Resolusi Konflik dalam Perbandingan: Narasi Afrika dan Indonesia” mencoba mengangkat kisah konflik yang terjadi di antara Etnis Hutu dan Etnis Tutsi di Burundi, Afrika. Buku ini secara komprehensif menjelaskan awal terjadinya konflik di antara kedua etnis tersebut kemudian penyebab eskalasi konflik yang merembet hingga menjadi konflik regional, serta usaha-usaha berbagai pihak (termasuk African Union dan PBB) dalam mencoba menengahi konflik itu.

Pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari konflik di Burundi ini diharapkan dapat diterapkan pada usaha penanganan konflik etnis di Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Dwi Ardiyanti, Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Penulis merupakan alumni dari Universitas
Negeri Semarang (Sastra Inggris) dan Universitas Gadjah Mada (Hubungan Internasional) dengan fokus kajian Global Humanitarian Diplomacy (GHD). Penulis pernah menjadi kepala program studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional di Potensi Utama, Medan dan sekarang menjadi dosen di Universitas Darussalam Gontor.
Kajian politik dan keamanan adalah dua fokus penting dalam studi Hubungan Internasional yang diampu dalam beberapa mata kuliah penulis. Buku yang pernah diterbitkan adalah Studi Politik Pendidikan Anti Hoaks dan Resolusi Konflik di Burundi. Kedua buku tersebut masih banyak kekurangan dan masih bisa dikritik dengan tajam oleh pembaca dan peminat studi resolusi konflik maupun politik.
Penulis juga aktif melakukan penelitian bidang geneologi analisis, islamofobia, dan studi keamanan manusia. Jadi, bagi pembaca yang berminat untuk bekerja sama dalam karya penelitian, semoga buku ini menjadi pintu gerbangnya. Penulis dapat dihubungi melalui surel: ardiyanti.1987@gmail.com

References

Adryamarthanino, V. (2021, 30 Juli). Konflik Sampit: Latar belakang, konflik, dan penyelesaian. Kompas.com. https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2021/07/30/090000179/konflik-sampit-latar-belakang-konflik-dan-penyelesaian?page=all.

African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). (2007). South Africa’s peacekeeping role in Burundi: Challenges and opportunities for future peace missions. Occasional Paper Series.

African Study Center. (t.t.). History of Burundi. Diakses 28 Juni 2014 dari http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/bhistory.htm

African Union. (2000). Constitutive act of the African Union. Diakses dari https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf

Alexandra, F. (2018). Analisis akar konflik sampit melalui teori deprivasi. Global & Policy, 6(2), 127–140.

Amnesty International. (1996). Burundi: Refugees forced back to danger. https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/afr160341996en.pdf

Amnesty International. (1998). Organization of African Unity: Making human rights a reality for Africans. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ior63/001/1998/en/

Azmi, A. (2020). What is “ASEAN Way”? https://seasia.co/2020/01/21/what-is-asean-way

Badejo, D. L. (2008). The African Union (Global Organizations) (Edisi pertama). Chelsea House Publications.

Bailes, A. J. K., & Cottey, A. (2006). Regional security cooperation in the early 21st century. http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2006/files/SIPRIYB0604.pdf

Bernett, L. A. (1983). International organizations. Prentice Hall.

Berridge, G. R. (2005). Diplomacy theory and practice (Edisi ketiga). Palgrave Macmillan.

Boshoff, H., Vrey, W., & Rautenbach, G. (2010). The Burundi peace process: From civil war to conditional peace. Monograph 171. Institute for Security Studies

Bratt, D. (1996). Assessing the success of UN peacekeeping operations. International Peacekeeping Winter.

Burundi. (t.t.). Freedom House. Diakses pada 28 Juni 2014 dari https://freedomhouse.org/country/burundi

Burundi profile – timeline. (2022, 4 November). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13087604

Cassel. (1859). Latin Dictionary: Vol. XXX. Oxford University Press.

Cipto, B. (2018). Hubungan internasional di Asia Tenggara: Teropong terhadap dinamika, realitas dan masa depan (Edisi ketiga). Pustaka Pelajar.

Conflict analysis summary: Burundi. (2014). https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Burundi-UNICEF_AID1.pdf

Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. (1996). Multi track diplomacy: A system approach to peace (Edisi ketiga). Kumarian Press.

Diehl, P. F., & Druckman, D. (2010). Evaluating peace operations (Boulder Co (ed.)). Lynne Rienner.

Fisher, H. (2015, 25 Februari). 130 years ago: carving up Africa in Berlin. DW. https://www.dw.com/en/130-years-ago- carving-up-africa-in-berlin/a-18278894

Fabbro, D. (1978). Peaceful societies: An introduction. Journal of Peace Research, 15(1) 67–83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/422870

Fawcett, L., & Hurrell, A. (Ed.). (1995). Regionalism in world politics: Regional organization and international order. Oxford University Press.

George, A. L., Hall, D. K., & Simons, W. R. (1966). The limits of coercive diplomacy. Little Brown.

Hadinoto, P. R. (2015). Pidato Jacob Zuma, 30 September 1960. https://jakarta45.wordpress.com/2015/07/

History.com Editors. (May 19, 2022). The Rwandan genocide. A&E Television Networks. https://www.history.

com/topics/africa/rwandan-genocide

Jackson, R., & Sorensen, G. (2013). Intro to international relation: Theories and approach (Edisi kelima). Oxford University Press.

Kareem, R. (2009). Managing world order: United Nations Peace Operations and the Security Agenda. IB Tauris.

Kumaat, R. M. W. (2019). Kajian hukum internasional terhadap intervensi PBB di Burundi. Lex Et Societatis, VII(Desember).

MacQueen, N. (2006). Peacekeeping and the international system. Cambridge University Press.

Mandela slams Burundi’s “failed” leaders. (2000). BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/606014.stm

Mcmahon, R. B, & Slantchev, B. L. (2015). The guardianship dilemma: Regime security through and from the armed forces - ERRATUM. American Political Science Associayion 109(2), 297­–313. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276167625_The_Guardianship_Dilemma_Regime_Security_through_and_from_the_Armed_Forces-ERRATUM.

Murray, R. (2004). Human rights in Africa: From OAU to the African Union. Cambridge University Press.

Ngwube, A. (2013). The African Union and its conflict resolution apparatus. Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(8), 33–42. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274297428_The_African_Union_and_its_Conflict_Resolution_Apparatus

Nickols, F. (2010). Four change management strategies. http://dr-ama.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/four_strategies.pdf

Nye, J. (1995). (ed.) International regionalism. Boston: Little Brown and Co. 1968. Dalam Paul, JL. Preparing for Peace. Sycrause University Press.

Oguonu & Ezeibe. (2014). African Union and Conflict Resolution in Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5. https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/5086

Omed. (2018). Inilah Tugu Perdamaian Suku Dayak – Madura yang ada di Sampit. https://kataomed.com/tugu/inilah-tugu-perdamaian-suku-dayak-madura-yang-ada-di-sampit

Patji, A. R. (2003). Tragedi Sampit 2001 dan imbasnya ke Palangka Raya: Dari konflik ke (Re)konstruksi. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, 5(2), 14–34.

Prendergast, J., & Smock, D. (1999). Post-genocidal reconstruction: Building peace in Rwanda and Burundi. USIP, 1 September. http://www.usip.org/search/apachesolr_search/burundi

Radon, J. (2004). Sovereignty: A political emotion, not a concept. Stanford Journal of Internaional Law, 40(2), 195–209

Rannard, G., & Webster, E. (2020). Leopold II: Belgium “wakes up” to its bloody colonial past. https://afro.com/leopold-ii-belgium-wakes-up-to-its-bloody-colonial-past/

Riyanto, S. (2012). Kedaulatan negara dalam kerangka hukum internasional kontemporer. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 1(3), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v1i3.10074

Rodt, A. P. (2011). The African Mission in Burundi. Ethnopolitics Papers, No.10. https://centres.exeter.ac.uk/exceps/downloads/Ethnopolitics papers_No10_peen rodt - african union.pdf

Rosoux, V. (2014). The two faces of Belgium in the Congo: Perpetrator and rescuer. ERIS – European Review of International Studies, 1(3), 16–38. https://doi.org/10.3224/eris.v1i3.19122

Ruslikan. (2001). Konflik Dayak-Madura di Kalimantan Tengah: Melacak akar masalah dan tawaran solusi. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 14(4), 1–12.

Shivji, I. G. (1989). The concept of human rights in Africa. African Books Collective.

Sibarani, B. (2013). Bahasa, etnisitas dan potensinya. Jurnal Bahas Unimed, 1–11.

Southall, R. (2005). An African peace process: Mandela, South Africa and Burundi. HSRC Press.

Souza, T. R. de. (2001). Vasco da Gama and the later Portuguese colonial presence in India. Dalam A. R. Disney, & E. Booth (Ed.), Vasco Da Gamma and the linking of Europe and Asia, 437–451. Oxford University Press.

Swanström, N. (2005). Regional cooperation and conflict prevention. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program. https://gsdrc.org/document-library/regional-cooperation-and-conflict-prevention

Syahran, R. (2021). Perang Sampit: Penyelesaian konflik hingga mitos Panglima Burung. https://www.matamatapolitik.com/sejarah/perang-sampit.

Tavares, R. (2010). Regional security: The capacity of international organizations. Routledge.

United Nation. (2019). Burundi Map. https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/burundi.pdf

United Nation Operation in Burundi. (2009). Peacekeeping mission. http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/onub/fact s.html

United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi. (2008). Strategic framework for peacebuilding in Burundi. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/655671529960055982/pdf/Burundi-SCD-final-06212018.pdf

United States Holocaust Encyclopedia. (1980). European Jews by Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/%0Aarticle.php?ModuleId=10007043

Wilen & William. (2018). The African Union and coercive diplomacy: The case of Burundi. J. of Modern African Studies, 56, 4. https://www.egmontinstitute.be/app/uploads/2018/12/Wilen-Williams-The-AU-and-Coercive-Diplomacy-The-case-of-Burundi.pdf

Wiradnyana, K. (2017). Budaya Austronesia di Indonesia bagian barat dalam kaitannya dengan migrasi out of Taiwan. Berkala Arkeologi SANGKHAKALA, 18(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.24832/sba.v18i1.6

Wolff, S., & Dursun–Özkanca, O. (2014). Regional and international conflict regulation: Diplomatic, economic and military interventions. Dalam S. Wolff, & O. Dursun–Özkanca (Ed.), External interventions in Civil Wars. Routledge.

Woronoff, J. (1970). Organizing African Unity. Scarecrow Press.

Yavuz, M. H., & Sluglett, P. (Ed.) (2011). War and diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and the Treaty of Berlin. University of Utah Press.

Downloads

Published

June 26, 2023
HOW TO CITE