Pengantar Sistem Proteksi Radiasi

Authors

Eri Hiswara
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Suzie Darmawati
Purnabakti Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN)

Keywords:

radiasi, proteksi, pajanan, etika

Synopsis

Selain membawa manfaat yang sangat besar, penggunaan tenaga nuklir diketahui memiliki efek yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Efek radiasi yang dihasilkan dari tenaga nuklir dapat berupa efek deterministik (reaksi jaringan) ataupun stokastik. Untuk mencegah terjadinya efek tersebut, perlu dilakukan tindakan proteksi radiasi. Secara luas, proteksi radiasi mencakup semua upaya, pemahaman, dan tindakan untuk memberikan perlindungan dari efek radiasi yang berbahaya. 

Buku Pengantar Sistem Proteksi Radiasi menguraikan sistem proteksi radiasi yang menjadi dasar untuk penerapan proteksi radiasi praktis di lapangan. Sistem ini diperkenalkan oleh Komisi Internasional untuk Proteksi Radiasi (ICRP) yang memberikan rekomendasi terkait nilai batas dosis yang boleh diterima oleh seseorang. Pada dasarnya, sistem proteksi radiasi terdiri atas prinsip proteksi radiasi, kategori pajanan, situasi pajanan, dan pendekatan dalam memperhitungkan besar dosis radiasi.

Sistem proteksi radiasi merupakan hal yang wajib dipahami bagi para pekerja, peneliti, dan pemerhati bidang nuklir untuk meminimalisasi dampak dari efek radiasi. Walaupun praktisi proteksi radiasi di Indonesia telah cukup banyak, masih sangat sedikit informasi yang tersedia untuk menjelaskan sistem proteksi radiasi dari sisi teoretis secara komprehensif. Buku ini dimaksudkan untuk mengisi kekurangan tersebut.

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Author Biographies

Eri Hiswara, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Eri Hiswara menyelesaikan pendidikan formal sarjana (S-1) pada jurusan fisika di Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, tahun, 1982 dan master (S-2) pada bidang studi Radiation and Environmental Protection di University of Surrey, Guildford, Inggris, tahun 1990. Setelah menamatkan S-1, penulis bekerja di Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) dan menjadi peneliti sejak tahun 1984 dengan jabatan Asisten Peneliti Madya. Jabatan tertinggi, yaitu Peneliti Ahli Utama dicapai pada tahun 2001. Pada tahun 2003–2007 sempat menjadi Atase Ilmu Pengetahuan di KBRI/PTRI Wina. Setelah menyelesaikan tugas di KBRI/PTRI Wina, penulis kembali ke BATAN dan meneruskan tugas sebagai peneliti dan memperoleh jabatan Profesor Riset pada tahun 2008. Setelah BATAN dilebur ke dalam Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) pada tahun 2021, penulis menjadi peneliti di BRIN pada Pusat Riset Teknologi Keselamatan, Metrologi, dan Mutu Nuklir.
Penulis mendapat pengetahuan tambahan melalui berbagai pelatihan teknis dan lokakarya di bidang proteksi radiasi yang diikuti sejak tahun 1984 di berbagai negara. Berbagai kegiatan ilmiah internasional yang membahas isu-isu terkait proteksi radiasi juga pernah diikuti oleh penulis, baik dalam bentuk konferensi, seminar, simposium, pertemuan teknis, interkomparasi, penyusunan proyek kerja sama dalam kerangka IAEA, maupun sidang tahunan Komite Ilmiah PBB untuk efek radiasi atom (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation [UNSCEAR]).
Selain aktif sebagai peneliti, saat ini penulis juga menjadi staf pengajar luar biasa pada PPDS Radiologi di FKUI untuk mata ajar fisika dan proteksi radiasi, serta di Sekolah Tinggi Intelijen Negara (STIN) untuk mata ajar nuklir biologi kimia (Nubika) dengan kekhususan pada keselamatan dan keamanan nuklir dan radiasi. Penulis saat ini merupakan anggota Perhimpunan Periset Indonesia (PPI), Perkumpulan Ahli Proteksi Radiasi Indonesia (APRI), dan Health Physics Society (HPS).

Suzie Darmawati, Purnabakti Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN)

Suzie Darmawati adalah purnabakti dari Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) sejak tahun 2021 setelah mengabdi selama 35 tahun. Penulis menamatkan pendidikan formal sarjana (S-1) pada jurusan fisika di FMIPA UI tahun 1985, dan master (S-2) pada jurusan fisika di University of Surrey, Guildford, Inggris tahun 1990. Setelah menamatkan S-1, penulis bekerja di Pusat Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Radioaktif BATAN, kemudian pindah ke Pusat Standardisasi dan Jaminan Mutu Nuklir BATAN pada tahun 2000.
Penulis mendapat pengetahuan tambahan melalui berbagai pelatihan teknis dan lokakarya di bidang proteksi radiasi yang diikuti sejak tahun 1987 di beberapa negara, seperti Jepang dan Australia. Beberapa kegiatan ilmiah internasional yang membahas isu-isu terkait proteksi radiasi yang dilangsungkan di kantor pusat Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional (International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA]) di Wina, Austria, juga pernah diikuti oleh penulis.

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