Sumber Daya Laut Perairan Kepulauan Togean, Teluk Tomini

Authors

Pramudji, Rianta Pratiwi, dan Oksto Ridho Sianturi

Keywords:

Sumber Daya Laut, Kepulauan Togean

Synopsis

Kepulauan Togean secara keseluruhan merupakan kawasan wisata yan,g sangat diunggulkan karena memiliki potensi sumber daya perikanan, keanekaragaman hayati biota laut dan darat, serta kekayaan budaya lokal. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut, Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2O LIPI), melalui "Ekspedisi Togean" dalam acara Sail Tomini 2015, melakukan penelitian di sekitar KepulauanTogean,TelukTomini. 
Tidak hanya bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai biodiversitas, bunga rampai ini juga mengulas potensi sumlJer daya hayati dan kondisi lingkungan, seperti terumbu karang, mangrove, dan biota laut dan darat. Melalui bunga rampai ini, diharapkan masyarakat bisa mengetahui beragam potensi yang terdapat di sekitar Kepulauan Togean, Teluk Tomini. Selain itu, bunga rampai ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan sumban!Jan yang bermanfaat dan menjadi landasan ilmiah dalam mendukung program Pemerintah Indonesia mengenai pengembangan potensi keanekaragaman laut menuju ketahanan pangan nasional. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amri, K., Suwarso, & Herlina. (2005). Dugaan upwelling berdasarkan analisis komparatif citra sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan Kloro l-A di Teluk Tomini. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, II(6), 10–16.

BPS. (2016). Gorontalo dalam angka 2016. Gorontalo Utara: Penerbit Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS).

Burhanudin, S., Supangat, A., Sulistyo, B., Romeyo, T., & Kepel, C. R. (2004). Pro l sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan Teluk Tomini. Jakarta: Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan, Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan.

Kementerian Kehutanan (2004). Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Togean, Teluk Tomini. Surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor: SK.418/ Menhut-II/2004.

Muswery, M., Azkab, M. H., Fahmi, Setiono, D. E. J., oha, H., & Nat- sir, S. M. (2015). Sumber daya laut di perairan pesisir Gunugkidul, Yogyakarta. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Suwarso, Herlisman, & Wudianto. (2005). Karakteristik sik massa air perairan Teluk Tomini. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, II(6), 17–31.

Bird, E. C. F. (1972). Mangroves and coastal morphology in Cairns Bay, north Queensland. Jour. Trop. Geogr, 35,11–16.

Bird, E. C. F., & Barson, M. M. (1982). Stability of mangrove system. Dalam B. F. Clough (Ed.), Mangrove ecosystem in Australia: Structure, function and management (265–274). Canberra: Australian National University.

Coulter, D. F., & Allaway, W. G. (1979). Litter fall and decomposition in mangrove stand Avicennia maria (Forsh) Vierh in Middle Harbour, Sydney. Austr. J. Mar. Fresh. Res, 30, 27–37.

Cristin, B., Popescu, S., & El Mahdy, I. C. (2014). Marine species identi - cation by underwater photography. ProEnvironment, 7, 59–63.

Dharmawan, I. W. K., & Pramudji. (2014). Panduan monitoring status ekosistem mangrove. Jakarta: COREMAP-CTI LIPI.

Giesen, W., Wulfraat, S., Zieren, M., & Scholten, L. (2007). Mangrove guidebook for Southeast Asia. Bangkok: FAO Regional O ce for Asia and the Paci c.

Gufron, H. K. K. M. (2012). Ekosistem mangrove: Potensi, fungsi, dan penge- lolaannya. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.

Heald, E. J., & Odum, W. E. (1972). e contribituon of mangrove swamps to Florida sheries. Dalam Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribian sheries Institute, 22nd Sess., 130–135. Florida: Coral Gables Pu- blishing Co.

Indriyanto. (2006). Ekologi hutan. Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.

Ishida, M. (2004). Automatic thresholding for digital hemispherical photo-

graphy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34, 2208–2216.

Jenning. S. B., Brown, N. D., dan Shell, D. (1999). Assesing forest canopies and understory illumination: Canopy closure, canopy cover and others measures. Forestry, 72(1), 59–74.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2004). Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 201 Tahun 2004 tentang Kriteria Baku dan Pedoman Penentuan Kerusakan Mangrove. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup.

Kitamura, S., Anwar, C., Chaniago, A., & Baba, S. (1999). Handbook of mangroves in Indonesia. Denpasar: Saritaksu.

Korhonen, L., Korhonen, K. T., Rautiainen, M., & Stenberg, P. (2006). Esti- mation of forest caanopy cover: A comparison of eld measurement techniques. Silva Fennica, 40(4), 577–588.

Noor, Y. R., Khazali, M., & Suryadipura, I. N. N. (1999). Panduan mangrove di Indonesia. Bogor: PKA/WI-IP.

Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamental of ecology, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Pramudji. (2015). Komunitas tumbuhan di kawasan Pesisir Gunungkidul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dalam Muchtar dkk. (Ed.), Sumber daya laut di perairan Pesisir Gunungkidul, 39–51. Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Pramudji. (2017). Mangrove di Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian Oseanogra LIPI. Bogor: PT Media Sains Nasional.

Snedaker, S. C. (1978). Mangrove: eir values and perpetuation. National Resources, 14, 6–80.

Tomlinson, P. B. (1986). e botany of mangrove. New York, USA: e Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

Vickery, M. L. (1984). Ecology of Tropical Plants. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto, ONT.

Den Hartog, C., & Kuo, J. (2006). Taxonomy and biogeography of sea- grasses. Dalam W. D. Larkum, R. J. Orth, & C. M. Duarte (Eds.), Seagrasses: Biology, ecology and conservation (1–23). Heidelberg: Springer.

Fonseca, M. S. (1987). e management of seagrass system. Trop, Coast, Area. Manag. ICLARM. Newsletter, 2(2), 5–7.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2004). Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 200 Tahun 2004 tentang Kriteria Baku Kerusakan dan Pedoman Penentuan Status Padang Lamun.

Kuo, J., & McComb, A. J. (1989). Seagrass taxonomy, structure, and deve- lopment. Dalam A. W. D. Larkum, A. J. Comb, & S. A. Shephered (Eds.), Biology of seagrasses: a treatise on the biology of seagrasses with special reference to Australian region, (6–73). Amsterdam: Elsier.

Nienhuis, P. H., Coosen, J., & Kiswara, W. (1989). Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrass and macrofauna in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Net. J. Sci. Res., 23(2), 192–214.

Phillips, R. C., & Menez, E. G. (1988). Seagrasses. Washington: Smitthso- nian Inst. Press.

Rahmawati, S., Hindarto, H., Azkab, M. H., & Kiswara, W. (2015). Panduan monitoring padang lamun. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Oseanogra LIPI.

ayer, G. W., Adams, S. M., & La Croix, M. W. (1975). Structural and uctuation aspects of a recently established Zostera marina commu- nity. Estuarine Res., 1, 518–540.

orhaug, A., & Austin, C. B. (1986). Restoration of seagrass with economic analysis. Environ. Conserv., 3(4), 259–267.

Badarab, F., Endah, T., & Liga, S. (2017). Strategi pengembangan destinasi pariwisata di Kepulauan Togean, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Tourism and Hospitality Essentials (THE) Journal, 7(2), 2017–97.

Crabbe, J., & David, J. S. (2005). Sediment impacts on growth rates of Acro- pora and Porites corals from fringing reefs of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coral Reefs, 2005(24), 437–441.

English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science.

Google Inc. (2015). Google Maps: Kepulauan Togean, Tomini. Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2015 dari http://maps.google.com/.

Hoeksema, B. W., & Putra, K. S. (2002). e reef coral fauna of Bali in the centre of marine diversity. Dalam M. K. Moosa dkk. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 173– 178. Bali: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, LIPI, dan International Society for Reef Studies.

Sanders D., & Szabo, R. C. B. (2005). Scleratinian assemblages under sediment input: eir characteristics and relation to the nutrient input concept. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatoloigy, Palaeoecology, 216, 139–181.

Sunjaya S., Jared, H., Dessy, A., Christo, H., Ruwindrijarto, A., Hirason, H., & Lida, P. (2003). Assessment of conservation solutions for the Togean islands, Indonesia. Tidak dipublikasikan.

Sutejo, D. D. P. (2013). Dinamika pengelolaan terumbu karang di Pulau Kabalutan, Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. (Tesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor).

Veron, J. E. N. (2000a). Corals of the world Vol. 1. Townsville MC: Australian Institute of Marine Science.

Veron, J. E. N. (2000b). Corals of the World Vol. 2. Townsville MC: Aus- tralian Institute of Marine Science.

Veron, J. E. N. (2000c). Corals of the World Vol. 3. Townsville MC: Aus- tralian Institute of Marine Science.

Veron, J. E. N., De Vantier., L. M., Turak, E., Green., A. L., Kininmonth., S., Sta ord-Smith, M. & Peterson, N. (2009). Delineating the coral triangle. Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies, 11, 91–100.

Veron, J. E. N., Sta ord-Smith, M., De Vantier, L. M., & Turak, E. (2015). Overview of Distribution Pattern of Zooxanthellate Scleractinia. Frontier in Marine Science, 1, 1–19.

Wallace, C., Paula, G., Bert, W. H., Bellwood, D. R., Hutchings, P. A., Barber, P. H., Erdmann, M., & Wolstenholme, J. (2000). Nature and origins of unique high diversity reef faunas in e Bay of Tomini, Central Sulawesi: e ultimate centre of diversity. Dalam M. K. Moosa dkk. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, Vol. 1 (185–192). Bali: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, LIPI, dan International Society for Reef Studies.

Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. (1993). Biodiversity action plan for Indonesia. Jakarta: Bappenas.

Chan, B. K. K., Prabowo, R. E., & Lee, K. S. (2009). Crustacean fauna of Taiwan: Barnacles. Vol. 1. Cirripedia: oracica excluding the Pyr- gomatidae and Acastinae. Keelung, Taiwan: National Taiwan Ocean University.

Hartini, S., & Wawangningrum, H. (2009). Inventarisasi tumbuhan di Taman Nasional Kep. Togean. Dalam A. Kurniawan, N. K. E. Unda- harta, I. P. A. H. Wibawa, I. G. Tirta, & W. Sujarwo (Ed.), Prosi- ding Peranan Konservasi Flora Indonesia dalam Mengatasi Dampak Pemanasan Global (280–294). Tabanan, Bali: UPT Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya “Eka Karya”.

Hartini, S. (2013). Keanekaragaman ora di kawasan mangrove Desa Wakai dan Desa Taningkola, Kecamatan Una-Una, Kabupaten Tojo Una- Una, Sulawesi Tengah. Ekologia, 13(2), 1–7.

Jones, D. S., & Morgan, G. J. (2002). A eld guide to crustaceans of Aus- tralian Waters. Perth: Reed New Holland.

Kramer, M. J., Bellwood, D. R., & Bellwood, O. (2014). Benthic crustacea on coral reefs: A aquantitative survey. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 511, 105–116.

Luasunaung, A. (2008). Analisis stok dan shing capasity perikanan demersal di Kepulauan Togean, Sulawesi Tengah. (Tesis Departemen Pemanfa- atan Sumber Daya Perikanan, Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor).

Naderloo, R., Turkay, M., & Chen, H. (2010). Taxonomic revision of the wide-front ddler crabs of the Uca lactea group (Crustacea: Deca- poda: Brachyura:Ocypodidae) in the Indo-West Paci c. Zootaxa, 25, 1–38.

Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P. J. F. (2008). Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world. e Ra es Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement No. 17.

Pratchett. (2001). In uence of coral symbionts on feeding preferences of crown of thorns star sh Acanthaster planci in the western Paci c. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 214, 111–119.

Poore, G. C. B. (2004). Marine decapod crustacea of Southern Australia; A guide to identi cation. Victoria: CSHIRO Publishing..

Poupin, J. (2003). Crustacea decapoda and stomatopoda of Eastern Island and surronding araes. A documented checklist with historical overview and verview and biogeographic comments. Atoll Research Bulletin, 500.

Rosenberg, M. S. (2001). e systematics and taxonomy of ddler crabs: A phylogenyof the genus Uca. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21(3), 839–869.

Sakai, T. (1976). Crabs of Japan and e adjacent seas plates. Japan: Koda- rian LTD.

Tweedie, M. W. F. (1937). On the crabs of the family Ocypodidae in the collection of the Ra es Museum. Bulletin of the Ra es Museum, 13, 140–170.

Wicksten, M. K., (1986). Carrying Behavior in Brachyuran Crabs. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6(3), 364–369.

Adrim, M., & Hutomo, M. (1989). Species composition, distribution and abundance of Chaetodontidae along reef transect in the Flores Sea. Nederland Journal of Sea Research, 23(2), 85–93.

Adrim, M., Harahap, S. A., & Wibowo, K. (2012). Struktur komunitas ikan karang di perairan Kendari. Ilmu Kelautan, 17(3), 154–163.

Allen, G. R., & Adrim, M. (2003). Review article: Coral reef shes of Indonesia. Zoological Studies, 42(1), 1–72.

Allen, G. R., Steene, R., Humann, P., & Deloach, N. (2003). Reef sh identi cation, tropical Paci c. Jacksonville: New World Publications.

Allen, G. R., Steene, R., Humann, P., & Deloach, N. (2009). Reef sh iden- ti cation, tropical Paci c. El Cajon CA: New World Publications.

Allen, G. R., & Erdmann, M. V. (2012). Reef Fishes of the East Indies. Vols. 1–3. Perth: Tropical Reef Research.

Dartnall, A. J. & Jones, M. (1986). A manual of survey methods for living resources in coastal areas. Australia: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville.

Du, J. G, Hu, W. J., & Makatipu, P. C. (2016). Common reef shes of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Beijing: Sciense Press.

English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (1994). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. Townsvile: Australian Institute of Marine Science.

Hourigan, T. F., Tricas, T. C., & Reese, E. S. (1988). Coral reef shes as indicators of environmental stress in coral reefs. Dalam D. F. Soule & G. S. Kleppel (Ed.), Marine organisms as indicators (107–135). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Kay, S. W., & Khoo, H. W. (1984). e distribution of coral reef shes at Pulau Salu, Singapore. Dalam K. Sumawidjaya, S. Rahardjo, & D.M. Sitompul (Ed.), Recent research activities on coral reef in Southeast Asia. 27–40. Bogor: SEAMEO Biotrop.

Krebs, C. H. J. (1989). Ecological methodology. New York: Harper & Row Publications.

Kuiter, R. H. (1992). Tropical reef shes of the western Paci c: Indonesian and adjascent waters. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Odum, E. P. (1971). Fundamental of ecology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders co.

Radiarta, I. N., & Emor, J. (2003). Sumber daya ikan pada ekosistem terumbu karang di Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 9(3), 73–82.

Reese, E. S. (1981). Predationon corals by shes of the family Chaetodonti- dae: Implications for conservation and management of coral reef ecosystems. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31, 594–604.

Reese, E. S. (1994). Reef shes as indicators of conditions on coral reefs. Dalam R. N. Ginsburg (Ed.), Proceedings of the colloquiumon global aspects of coral reefs: Health, hazards, and history (59–65). Florida: University of Miami.

Sano, M., Shimizu, M., & Nose, Y. (1984). Changes in the structure of coral reef sh communities by destruction of hermatypic corals: Observation and experimental views. Paci c Science, 38(1), 51–79.

Suharyanto, U. (2007). Kondisi ikan karang di Teluk Parepare dan Awe- range, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Biodiversitas, 8(2), 101–104.

Williams, D. M., & Hatcher, A. I. (1983). Structure of sh communities on outer slopes of inshore, mid-shelf and outer shelf reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 10, 239–250.

American Public Health Association (APHA). (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21th edition. Washington, D.C: APHA.

Atlas, R.M., & Bartha, R. (1998). Microbial ecology: Fundamental and appli- cations. California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc.

Connel, D. W., & Miller, G. J. (1984). Chemistry and ecotoxicology of pol- lution. New York: John Willey and Sons Inc..

Gautam, A. K., Kumar, S., & Sabumon, P. C. (2006). Preliminary study of physico-chemical treatment options for hospital wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 83(3), 2007, 298–306.

Gasso?, S., Grassian, V. H., & Miller, R. L. (2010). Interactions between mineral dust, climate and ocean ecosystem. Elements, 6, 247–253.

Hajna, A. A., & Perry, C. A. (1943). Comparative study of presumptive and con rmative media for bacteria of the coliform group and for fecal Streptococci. Am. J. Publ. Hlth, 33, 550–556.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2004). Keputusan Menteri Negara Ling- kungan Hidup, No. 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut. Dalam Kumpulan Peraturan Pengendalian Kerusakan Pesisir dan Laut, sub bab Baku Mutu Air Laut. Lampiran III. 2, 20–26. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup.

Kunarso, D. H. (1989). Teknik membran lter untuk mendeteksi bakteri pencemar. Oseana, 4, 133–143.

Lawrence, J. R., omas, R. N., & Marshall, K. C. (2002). Colorization, adhesion, agregation, and bio lm. Dalam C. J. Hurst (Ed.), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition. Washington, D. C.: ASM Press.

Murray, P. R., Rosenthal, K. S., & Pfaller, M. A. (2009). Medical microbio- logy (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier.

Prasad, R., & Power, J. F. (1997). Soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture. Boca Raton, New York: Lewis Publishers.

Rheinheimer, G. (1984). Interrelationship between bacteria and phytoplan- kton in a marine area. Paris: Ed du CNRS.

Ruyitno, N. (2008). Kualitas Teluk Jakarta: Kajian bakteriologis. Laporan Penelitian. Tidak dipublikasikan.

Pomeroy, L. R. (1960). e strategy of mineral cycling. Annu. Rev. Ecol. System, 1, 171–190.

Sutiknowati, L. I. (2010a). Kualitas perairan pesisir Pulau Bangka Selatan.

Ilmu Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, Edisi Khusus, 2, 388–399.

Sutiknowati, L. I. (2010b). Kelimpahan bakteri fosfat di padang lamun Teluk Banten. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 36(1), 21–35.

Tsai, C. T., & Lin, S. T. (1999). Disinfection of hospital waste sludge using hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86, 827–833.

Wagner, M., Alexander, L., Regina N., Ulrike, P., Natuschka, L., & Holger, D. (2002). Microbial community composition and function in waste- water treatment plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 81, 665–680.

Awwaludin, Suwarso, & R. Setiawan. (2005). Distribusi kelimpahan dan struktur komunitas plankton [ada musim timur di perairan Teluk tomini. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanana Indonesia. 11(6), 33–56.

Barnes, R. S. K. (1974). Estuarine biology, studies in biology. London: Edward Arnold (Publisher) Ltd.

Collins, H. R., & William, R. (1981). Zooplankton of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary: e distribution of four copepods in relation to salinity. Mar. Biol., 64, 273–284.

Davis, C. C. (1955). e marine and freshwater plankton. USA: Michigan State University Press.

Day J. W. D, Hall, C. A. S, Kemp, W. M., & Arancibia, A. Y. 1989. Estuarine ecology. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Fleeger, J. W., Sikora, W. B., & Sikora, J. P. (1983). Spatial and long-term temporal variation of microbenthic-hyperbenthic Copepods in Lake Pontchartrain, Lousiana. J. Estuar. Coast. Shelf sci., 16, 441–454.

Handayani, S., & Patria, M. P. (2005). Komunitas zooplankton di perairan Waduk Krenceng, Cilegon, Banten. Makara Sains, 9(2), 75–80.

Hutabarat, S., & Evans, S. M. (1986). Pengantar oseanogra . Jakarta: Uni- versitas Indonesia Press.

Karlson, B., Cusack, C., & Bresnan, E. (2010). Manuals and guides micros- copic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis. Bangkok: IOC WESTPAC, UNESCO.

Kimmerer, W. J., & McKinnon, A. D. (1985). A comparative study of the zooplankton in two adjacent embayment, Port Philip and Western- port Bay, Australia. J Estuar. Coast. Shelf sci, 21, 145–159.

Kim, D. Y. (1985). Taxonomical study on calanoid copepode (Crustacea: Copepode) in Korean Waters. (Tesis Phd., Hanyang University).

Krebs, C. J. (1972). Ecology: e experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. New York: Harper & Row Publisher.

Michael, P. (1983). Ecological methods for eld and laboratory investigations. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

Mulyadi & Ishimaru, T. (1994). Species composition of copepods in Cilacap, Mangrove Estuary, Central Java, Indonesia. Dalam F. Takashima & K. Soewardi (Ed.), Ecological assessment for mangrove planning of Segara Anakan lagoon Cilacap, Cental Java (pp. 39–47). Tokyo: NODAI Center for International Program. Tokyo University of Agriculture.

Nontji, A. (1987). Laut nusantara. Jakarta: Djambatan.

Nybakken, J. W. (1988). Biologi laut suatu pendekatan ekologi. Jakarta:

Gramedia.

Odum, E. P. (1994). Dasar-dasar ekologi (terjemahan). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University.

Omura, T., Iwataki, M., Borja, V. M., Takayama, H., & Fukuyo, Y. (2012). Marine phytoplankton of the Western Paci c. Tokyo: Kouseisha Kouseikaku Co., Ltd.

Pielou, E. C., (1996). Biodiversity versus old-style diversity: Measuring biodiversity for conservation. Dalam T.J.B. Boyle & B. Boontawee. (Eds.), Measuring and monitoring biodiversity in tropical and tempe- rate forests. Proceedings of IUFRO Symposium (5–17). Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

Polli, B., Husain, J., & Rotinsulu, W. (2009). Integrated environmental mana- gement of tomini bay. Makalah dipresentasikan pada World Ocean Conference, Manado, 11–15 Mei 2009.

Sediadi, A. (1986). Mengenal plankton. Lonawarta, Tahun X(4), 31–36.

Setyadji, B., & Priatna, A. (2011). Distribusi spasial dan temporal plankton di perairan Teluk Tomini, Sulawesi. Bawal: Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap, 3(6), 387–395.

Shirota, A. (1966). e plankton of South Vietnam: Freshwater and marine plankton. Tokyo: Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency.

Sidabutar, T. (2008). Kondisi toplankton di Teluk Jakarta. Dalam Ari n, Z. (ed.), Kajian perubahan ekologis perairan Teluk Jakarta (113–133). Jakarta: P2O-LIPI.

Taylor, F. J. R. (1994). Reference manual taxonomic identi cation of phy- toplankton with reference to HAB Organisms. Jakarta: ASEAN-Ca- nada Cooperative Programme on Marine Science Workshop on the Taxonomy of Phytoplankton and Harmful Algal Bloom-Organisms.

Townsend, D. W., Cammen, L., Holigan, P. M., Campbell, D. E., & Pettigrew, N. R. (1994). Causes and consequences of variability in the timing of spring phytoplankton blooms. Deep-Sea Research, I(41), 747–765.

Wiadnyana, N. N. (1997). Kelimpahan zooplankton di Teluk Kao. Oseano- logi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 30, 53–62.

Wickstead, J. H. (1965). An introduction to the study of trophical plankton. Great Portland St. London Wt: Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) LTD.

Woldridge, T., & Smith, R. M. (1979). Copepod Succession in two South African Estuaries. J. Plankton Research, 1, 329–343.

Yamaji, I. E. (1976). Illustration of the marine plankton of Japan. Osaka, Japan: Hoikusha.

Yusron, E., & Edward. (2000). Kondisi perairan dan keanekaragaman hayati di Perairan Teluk Tomini, Sulawesi Utara. Makalah dipresentasikan pada Seminar Nasional Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Hayati dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan, 3 Juni 2000, Fakultas Biologi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga.

Zongguo, H., & Mao, L. (2012). An illustrated guide to species in China’s Seas; Vol.5: Animalia. Beijing: Ocean Press.

Aldrian, E., & Susanto, R. D. (2003). Identi cation of three dominant rainfall regions within indonesia and their relationship to sea surface temperature. Int. J. Climatol, 23, 1435–1452.

Amri, K., Suwarso, & Herlisman. (2005). Dugaan upwelling berdasarkan analisis komparatif citra sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan Kloro l-A di Perairan Teluk Tomini. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(6), 10–16.

Bernawis, L. I. (2000). Temperature and pressure on El-Nino 1997 and LaNina 1998 in Lombok Strait. Makalah dipresentasikan pada e JSPS-DGHE International Symposium on Fisheries Science in Tro- pical Area. IPB, 21–25 Agustus 2000.

Burhanuddin, S., Supangat, A., Sulistyo, B., Rameyo, T., & Kepel, C. R. (2004). Pro l sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan Teluk Tomini. Jakarta: Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan.

Garrison, T. (2004). Essentials of oceanography. Australia: Brooks/Cole.

Ilahude, A. G. (1999). Pengantar oseanogra sik. Jakarta: P2O LIPI.

Knauss, J. A. (1997). Introduction to physical oceanography. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, upper Sadle River.

Lalli, C. M., & Parson, T. R. (1997). Biological oceanography: An Introduc- tion. 2nd edition. Oxford: Heinemann.

Nurhayati. (2006). Distribusi vertikal suhu, salinitas, dan arus di perairan Mo- rotai, Maluku Utara. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 40, 29–41.

Pierson, W. L., Bishop, K., Senden, D. V., Horton, P. R., & Adamantidis, C. A. (2002). Environmental water requirements to maintain estua- rine processes. Australia: Environmental Flows Initiative Technical Report, A Commonwealth Government Inititative & Department of Environment and Heritage.

Prawirowardoyo, S. (1996). Meteorologi. Bandung: ITB.

Sprintall, J., Gordon, A. L., Koch-Larrouy, A., Tong Lee, Potemra, J. T., Pujiana, K., & Wij els, S. E. (2014). e Indonesian Sea and their role in the coupled ocean-climate system. J.Nature Geoscience (7), 487–492.

Sprintall, J., Wij els, S., Gordon, A. L., F eld, A., Molcard, R., Susanto, R. D., Soesilo, I., Sopaheluwakan, J., Surachman, Y., & van Aken, H. M. (2004). INSTANT: A new international array to measure the Indonesian through ow. EOS, 85(39), 369–376.

Susanto, R.D., F eld, A., Gordon, A. L., & Adi, T. R. (2012). Variability of Indonesian through ow within Makassar Strait, 2004–2009. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117(C9).

Suwarso, Herlisman, & Wudianto. (2005). Karakteristik sik massa air perairan Teluk Tomini. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(6), 17–31.

Tjasyono, B., Gernowo, R., Woro, S., & Ina., J. (2008). e character of rainfall in the Indonesian Monsoon. Makalah dipresentasikan pada International Symposium on Equatorial Monsoon System, 16–18 September 2008, Yogyakarta.

Weyl, P. K. (1970). Oceanography: An introduction to marine environment. New York: John Wiley and Son Inc.

Wrytki, K. (1961). Physical oceanography of e Southeast Asian Waters. Naga Report Vol 2, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. La Jolla, California: e University of California.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2004). Pedoman penetapan baku mutu Air Laut. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup. Kep-51/ MENEGLH/2004. di bandingakan dengan di Selatan daratan ber- bukit dan Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara.

Blow, W. H. (1969). Late middle eocene to recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Dalam P. Bronnimann & H.H. Renz (Ed.), 1st. Conf. on planktonic microfossils, Proc. (199–412). Leiden: E. J. Brill.

d’Orbigny, A. D. (1839). Foraminife?res. Dalam R. de la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba (1–224), pls. 1–12 (Plates Published Separately). Paris: A. Bertrand

Kementerian Kehutanan. (2004). Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Togean. Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 418/Menhut-II/2004. Jakarta.

Kennett, J., & Srinivasan, M. S. (1983). Neogene planktonic foraminifera-a Phylogenetic atlas. Diakses pada 16 oktober 2015 dari http:// taxonconcept.stratigraphy.net/source_main.php?document_ id=318&taxid=1489.

Kusnida, D., & Subarsyah. (2008). Deep sea sediment gravity ow deposits in Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, 3(4), 217–225..

Shepard, F. P. (1954). Nomenclature based on sand-silt clay ratios. Journal Sed. Petrology, 24, 151–158.

Uno, I. (2010). Potensi bahan galian dan mitigasi bencana alam di Wilayah Sulawesi Tengah. Jurnal SMARTek, 8(1), 50–62.

Wentworth, C. K. (1922). A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. Journal of Geology, XXX, 377–392.

Kramer, M. J., Bellwood, D. R., & Bellwood, O. (2014). Benthic crustacea on coral reefs: A aquantitative survey. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 511, 105–116.

Pratchett. (2001). In uence of coral symbionts on feeding preferences of crown of thorns star sh Acanthaster planci in the western Paci c. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 214, 111–119.

Downloads

Published

January 1, 2019
HOW TO CITE