Kontribusi Penelitian Iklim Masa Lampau dalam Memahami Perubahan Iklim
Keywords:
Penelitian Iklim, Masa Lampau, Perubahan IklimSynopsis
Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengenai studi iklim masa lampau dengan menggunakan arsip karang Scleractinia atau disebut juga karang batu dari genus Porites. Kombinasi karang hidup dan mati menyediakan data iklim secara kontinu dari masa kini17,19,20,21 ke ribuan tahun4,5,18 bahkan ratusan ribu tahun lampau22 dengan resolusi bulanan17. Kandungan geokimia karang dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi suhu permukaan laut (selanjutnya akan disebut suhu)23,24, presipitasi, dan salinitas permukaan laut17,25. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan sinar-X atau rontgen dapat diidentifikasi perlapisan pertumbuhan tahunan karang Porites dan juga kecepatan kalsifikasi karang26,27,28. Dengan mengkorelasikan suhu dan pertumbuhan tahunan karang29,30 dapat diketahui pengaruh suhu terhadap pertumbuhan karang. Hasil penelitian semacam ini telah digunakan untuk mendukung kegiatan konservasi terumbu karang, seperti dalam program COREMAP26,30.
Secara garis besar penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) meningkatkan pemahaman variabilitas iklim di wilayah Indonesia dan pemahaman fenomena iklim ENSO dan IOD di masa lampau, (2) memahami pengaruh suhu terhadap pertumbuhan tahunan karang Porites, dan (3) melakukan evaluasi dan pengembangan metode kalibrasi data proxy dan metodologi rekonstruksi d18O air laut dari data proxy karang.
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