Natural Vegetation and Ethnobotany of Bali
Keywords:
Ecology, Ethnobotany, Bali, Vegetation, Research of PlantsSynopsis
Bali Island has a vast extent of vegetation, and the Balinese have good use of this in cultural, religious, and daily access aspects. This book uncovers the study of vegetation in Bali, extending from the seaside to the mountains. Moreover, in the ethnobotanical aspect, this book presents the result of a study on how Balinese people utilize the biodiversity bestowed on them. The first part of this book will present the research on Bali's vegetation status. After we comprehend the diversity of Bali's natural vegetation, the second part of this book shows a comprehensive directory about the use of plants among Balinese, including which part of the plants is used. We hope that this book will be a contribution to the knowledge of Bali biodiversity’s status and thus become a reference for Bali’s native vegetation. Furthermore, we hope that book will be a data source on Balinese local wisdom of biodiversity utilization.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Books and Journals
Anderson, E. F. The Cactus Family. Portland: Timber Press, 2001.
Arinasa, I. B. K. “Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Mangrove di Taman Nasional Bali Barat.” Buletin Kebun Raya 15, no. 1 (2012): 10-20
Arthana, I. W. Jenis dan Kerapatan Padang Lamun di Pantai Sanur Bali. Jurnal Bumi Lestari 5, no. 2 (2005): 1-12.
Astuti, I. P., S. Hidayat, and I. B. K. Arinasa. Traditional Plant Usage in Four Villages of Bali Aga: Tenganan, Sepang, Tigawasa and Sembiran, Bali, Indonesia. Bogor: Botanical Gardens of Indonesia, 2000.
Ashton, P. S. Dipterocarpaceae. Flora Malesiana I, no. 9 (1982): 237-552.
Backer, C. A., and R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Flora of Java Vol. 1-3. Groningen: Noordhoff & Walters, 1965.
Balick, M. J., and P. Cox. Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany. New York: Scientific American Library, 1996.
BPS. Provinsi Bali Dalam Angka 2020. Denpasar: Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali, 2020.
Berg, C. C., and E. J. H. Corner. Moraceae (Ficus). Flora Malesiana I, no. 17 (2005): 1-727.
Berlage, H. P. Regenval in Indonesie. Batavia: Koninklijk Magnetisch en Meteorologisch Observatorium te Batavia, Verhandelingen No. 37, 1949.
BMKG. Tipe Curah Hujan di Bali. Jakarta: Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, 2010.
Budiman, A., K. Kartawinata, S. Prawiroatmodjo, and D. Sapulete. “Coral Reef-associated Mangrove Communities in Indonesia.” In Regional Workshop on Coral Reef Ecosystems: Their Management Practices and Research/Training Needs, edited by S. Soemodihardjo, 12-119. Proceedings of MAB-COMAR, 1986.
Comber, J. B. Orchids of Java. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 1990.
Deshmukh, I. Ekologi dan Biologi Tropika. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 1992.
Dransfield, J., N. W. Uhl, C. B. Asmussen, W. J. Baker, M. M. Harley, and C. E. Lewis. Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2008.
Eyre, S. R. (Ed.). World Vegetation Type. London: MacMillan, 1971.
Dilmy, A. “Pioneer Plants Found One Year after the 1963 Eruption of Agung in Bali.” Pacific Science 19, (1965): 298-501.
Gaugris, J. Y., and M. W. van Rooyen. “Evaluating Patterns of Wood Use for Building Construction in Maputaland, South Africa.” South African Journal of Wildlife Research 39, no. 1 (2009): 85–96.
Girmansyah, D., Y. Santika, A. Retnowati, W. Wardani, I. Haerida, E. A. Wijaya, and M. M. J. van Balgooy. Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist. Bogor: Herbarium Bogoriense, 2013.
Haer, D. G., J. Morillot, and I. Toh. Bali, a Traveller's Companion. Editions Didier Miller, 2001.
Hall, R. 2002. “Cenozoic Geological and Plate Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: Computer-based Reconstructions, Models and Animations.” Journal of Asian Earth Scences 20, (2002): 353-431.
Heim, E. Flora and Vegetation of Bali, Indonesia: An Illustrated Field Guide. Norderstedt: Herstellung und Verlag, 2015.
Juwari, D., Ruhiyat, and M. I. Aipassa. “Growth Analysis of Rhizophora mucronata Mangrove in Ngurah Rai Forest Park (Sanur) Bali Province, Indonesia.” Energy and Environment Research 10, no.1 (2020): 30-35
Johns, R. J., G. A. Shea, W. Vink, and P. Puradyatmika. “Coastal Vegetation of Papua, Lowland Swamp and Peat Vegetation of Papua, Mountain Vegetation of Papua, Subalpine and Alpine Vegetation of Papua.” In The Ecology of Papua, Part II, edited by A. J. Marshall, and B. M. Beehler, 901-908, 910-944, 945-961, 1025-1053. Hongkong: Periplus Edition, 2007.
Kalkman, C. A. “Plant Geographical Analysis of the Lesser Sunda Islands.” Acta Botanica Neerlandica 4, no.2 (1955): 200-225.
Kartawinata, K. Laporan Tournee ke Bali 1958. Bogor: Akademi Biologi Ciawi, 1958.
Kartawinata, K. “Notes on the Vegetation Peutjang Island (S.W. Java).” Symposium on Ecological Research in Humid Tropics Vegetation, (1963): 217-224.
Kartawinata, K. “Six Decades of Natural Vegetation Studies in Indonesia.” In Six Decades of Science and Scientists in Indonesia, edited by S. Soemodihardjo, and S. D. Sastrapradja, 95-140. Bogor: Naturindo, 2005.
Kartawinata, K. Diversitas Ekosistem Alami, Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia & LIPI Press, 2013.
Kartawinata, K., and S. Soemodihardjo. “Komunitas Hayati Sepanjang Wilayah Pesisir Indonesia.” Oseanologi di Indonesia 8, (1977): 19-32.
Kartawinata, K., S. Adisoemarto, S. Soemodihardjo, and I. G. M. Tantra. “Status Pengetahuan Hutan Bakau di Indonesia.” Prosiding Seminar Ekosistem Mangrove, (1979): 21 37.
Kartawinata, K., and R. Abdulhadi. Ekologi Vegetasi, Maksud dan Metode. Jakarta: LIPI Press & Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2016.
Keim, A.P., S.E. Rahayu, K. Kartawinata, A. Hidayat, M.F. Royyani, and W. Sujarwo. Pandans of Java: Systematic and Ethnobotany of the Forgotten Sacred Plants of Java. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor Press, 2020.
KLH (Ministry of Environment). Deskripsi Peta Ekoregion Pulau/Kepulauan. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, 2013.
Kern, J. H. “Cyperaceae.” Flora Malesiana I, no.7 (1974): 435-753.
Küchler, A. W. Vegetation mapping. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1967.
Lawes, M., and I. Obiri. “Using the Spatial Grain of Regeneration to select Harvestable Tree Species in Subtropical Forest.” Forest Ecology and Management 184, no. 1-3 (2003): 105-114.
Leurs, L. N. Medicinal Aromatic and Cosmetic (MAC) Plants for Community Health and Biocultural Diversity Conservation in Bali Indonesia. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden Press, 2010.
Macklin, P. A. Hydrological Drivers of Carbon dioxide cycling from Headwaters to the Coastal Ocean on a Tropical Island. Lismore: Southern Cross University, 2019.
Marshall, A. J., and B. M. Beehler. The Ecology of Papua, Part II. Hongkong: Periplus Edition, 2007.
Masy’ud, B., I. H. Kusuma, and Y. Rachmadani. “Potensi Vegetasi Pakan dan Efektivitas Perbaikan Habitat Rusa Timor (Cervus timorensis De Blainville 1822) di Tanjung Pasir Taman Nasional Bali Barat.” Media Konservasi 13, no.2 (2008): 59-64.
Mabberley, D. J. The Plant-book. Cambridge: Cambridge Univcrsity Press, 1997.
Mabberley, D. J., and A. M. Sing. “Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq.” In Kuching: Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, edited by E. Soepadmo, L. G. Saw, R. C. K. Chung, and R. Kiew, 152-153. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 2007.
Meijer Drees, E. Distribution, Ecology and Silvicultural Possibilities of the Trees and Shrubs from the Savanna-forest Region in Eastern Sumbawa and Timor (Lesser Sunda Islands). Bogor: Balai Penjelidikan Kehutanan, Djawatan Kehutanan, Kementerian Pertanian, 1951.
Middleton, D. J. Flora Malesiana, Series 1: Vol. 18. Apocynaceae (subfamilies Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae). Leiden: Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, 2007.
Monk, K. A., Y. de Fretes, and G. Reksodihardjo-Liley. The ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Hongkong: Periplus Edition, 1997.
Morin, N. R. “Concept.” In Floristics for the 21st Century, edited by N. R. Morin, R. D. Whetstone, D. Wilken, and K. L. Tomlinson, 5-7. Virginia: Proceedings of the Workshop, 1989.
Mueller-Dombois, D., and H. Ellenberg. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
Mueller-Dombois, D., and F. R. Fosberg. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. New York: Springer, 1998.
Noerdjito, M., Roemantyo, and T. Sumampau. “Merekonstruksi Habitat Curik Bali Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912 di Bali Bagian Barat.” Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 7, no.2 (2011): 341-360.
Obiri, J., M. Lawes, and M. Mukolwe. “The Dynamics and Sustainable Use of High Value Tree Species of the Coastal Pondoland Forests of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.” Forest Ecology and Management 166, no. 1-3 (2002): 131-148.
Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Jembrana. Laporan Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Kabupaten Jembrana. Negara: Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Jembrana, 2007.
Proisy, C., G. Viennois, F. Sidik, A. Andayani, J. A. Enright, S. Guitet, …, Suhardjono. “Monitoring mangrove forests after aquaculture abandonment using time series of very high spatial resolution satellite images: A case study from the Perancak estuary, Bali, Indonesia.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 131, (2018): 61-71.
Quattrocchi, U. CRC World Dictionary of Palms: Common names, scientific names, eponyms and etymology. Vol. 1 and 2 Arecaceae A-Z. New York: CRC Press, 2017.
Paijmans, K. New Guinea Vegetation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1976.
Pieroni, A. Evaluation of the Cultural Significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology, no. 21 (2001): 89-104.
Pimiento-Barrios, E., and R. F. Del Castello. “Reproductive Biology.” In Cacti: Biology and Uses, edited by P. S. Nobel, 75-90. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
Posthouwer, C., T. M. Verheijden, and T. R. van Andel. “A Rapid Sustainability Assessment of Wild Plant Extraction on the Dutch Caribbean Island of St. Eustatius.” Economic Botany 70, no. 3 (2016): 320-331.
Purbo-Hadiwijoyo, M. M. Geological Map of the Bali Sheets, Nusa Tenggara, 1:250.000. Bandung: Geological Research and Development Centre, 1971.
Purbo-Hadiwijoyo, M. M., H. Samodra, and T. C. Amin. 1998. Geological Map of Bali. Bandung: Geological Survey of Indonesia, 1998.
Richards, P. W. The Tropical Rain Forest 2nd Edition. Cambridge: University Cambridge Press, 1996.
Roemantyo. “Struktur dan Komposisi Vegetasi Hutan Semusim Habitat Curik Bali (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) di Kawasan Labuan Lalang, Taman Nasional Bali Barat.” Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 7, no.2 (2011): 361-374.
Rustiami, H. “Daemonorops melanochaetes Blume, a new record of rattan for Bali.” Floribunda 5, no. 4 (2016): 126-128.
Schmidt, F. H., and J. H. A. Ferguson. Rainfall Types based on Wet and Dry Period Ratios for Indonesia. Djakarta: Djawatan Meteorologi dan Geofisika, 1951.
Sleumer, H. “Ericaceae.” Flora Malesiana I, no. 6 (1966): 469-914.
Soepadmo, E. “Perdjalanan ke Pulau Bali Ditindjau dari Segi Tumbuh-tumbuhan.” Penggemar Alam 40, no.1 (1961): 25-43.
Specht, R. L. “Conservation of Vegetation Types.” In Australian Vegetation, edited by R. H. Groves, 394-410. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. “Maleische Vegetatieschetsen I; Toelichting bij de Plantengeografische kaart van Nederlandsch Oost Indië.” Tijdschrift van het Koninklijke Nederlandse Aardrijkskundige Genootschap 52, (1935a): 25-67.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. “Maleische Vegetatieschetsen II; Toelichting bij de Plantengeografische kaart van Nederlandsch Oost Indië.” Tijdschrift van het Koninklijke Nederlandse Aardrijkskundige Genootschap 52, (1935b): 171-203, 365-398.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. “The Delimitation of Malaysia and its Main Plant Geographic Divisions.” Flora Malesiana I, no.1 (1950): 81-85.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. “Outline of Vegetation Types in Indonesia and Some Adjacent Regions.” Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Science Congress, (1957): 61-97.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. (Ed.). Flora Malesiana Serie I, Volumes 1-24. Leiden: Flora Malesiana Foundation & Others, 1951 - 2019.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. “Rejuvenation as a Factor for judging the Status of Vegetation Types, the Biological Nomad Theory.” Proceedings of the Symposium of Humid Tropics Vegetation, Kandy, (1958a): 212-218.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. “Discrimination of Tropical Shore Formation.” Proceedings of the Symposium on Humid Tropics vegetation, Tjiawi (Indonesia), (1958b): 215-217.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V. Flora untuk Sekolah di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 1975.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V., and A. F. Schippers-Lammerste. “Concise Plant Geography of Java.” In Flora of Java Vol. 2, edited by C. A. Backer, and R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, 3-72. Groningen: Noordhoff, 1965.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. V., Hamzah, and M. Toha. Mountain Flora of Java. Leiden: EJ Brill, 1972.
Sujarwo, W., and I. D. P. Darma. “Analisis Vegetasi dan Pendugaan Karbon Tersimpan pada Pohon di Kawasan sekitar Gunung dan Danau Batur, Kintamani, Bali.” Jurnal Bumi Lestari 11, no.1 (2011): 85-92.
Sujarwo, W., and I. B. K. Arinasa. “Diversity of Plants Naturally Grow in Tropical Dry Forest (T-df) of Bukit Jimbaran, Bali.” Teknologi Indonesia 36, no.2 (2013): 87-96.
Sujarwo, W., I. B. K. Arinasa, F. Salomone, G. Caneva, and S. Fattorini. “Cultural Erosion of Balinese Indigenous Knowledge of Food and Nutraceutical Plants.” Economic Botany 68, no. 4 (2014): 426–437.
Sujawo, W., and G. Caneva. “Ethnobotanical Study of Cultivated Plants in Home Gardens of Traditional Villages in Bali (Indonesia).” Human Ecology 43, no. 5 (2015): 769-778.
Sujarwo, W., A. P. Keim, V. Savo, P. M. Guarrera, and G. Caneva. “Ethnobotanical Study of Loloh: Traditional Herbal Drinks from Bali (Indonesia).” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 169, (2015): 34–48.
Sujarwo, W., I. B. K. Arinasa, G. Caneva, and P. M. Guarrera. “Traditional Knowledge of Wild and Semi-wild Edible Plants Used in Bali (Indonesia) to Maintain Biological and Cultural Diversity.” Plant Biosystem 150, no. 5 (2016): 971–976.
Sujarwo, W., G. Caneva, and V. Zuccarello. “Patterns of Plant Use in Religious Offerings in Bali (Indonesia).” Acta Botanica Brasillica 34, no. 1 (2019): 40-53.
Sujarwo, W., and A.P. Keim. “Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. (Anacardiaceae).” In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, edited by F. M. Franco, 1009-1014. Cham: Springer, 2021.
Sujarwo, W., A.P. Keim, and F.H, Arifah. Lawan Diabetes Melitus dengan Kedondong Hutan. Jakarta: Buku Kompas, 2021.
Sutomo, N. K. E. Undaharta, T. M. Bangun, and I. N. Lugrayasa. “Studi Awal Komposisi dan Dinamika Vegetasi Pohon Hutan Gunung Pohen Cagar Alam Batukahu, Bali.” Jurnal Bumi Lestari 12, no.2 (2012): 366-381.
Tanaka, T., and N. Sunarta. Relationship between Regional Changes of Soil Physical Properties and Volcanic Stratigraphy on the Southern Slope of Batur Volcano in the Island of Bali, Indonesia. Environmental Geology 23, (1994): 182-191.
Tantra, I. G. M. Identifikasi Flora Cagar Alam Sangeh, Bali. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Hutan, 1982.
Uhl, N.W., and J. Dransfield. Genera Palmarum: A classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence: L. H. Bailey Hortorium & the International Palm Society, 1987.
Walter, H. Ecology of Tropical and Subtropical Vegetation. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1971.
Waluyo, E. B. “Les Ecosystemes Domestiques par l’homme dans l’anciens Royaume Insana-Timor.” Reinwardtia 11, (2000): 295-417.
Webb, L. J., and J. G. Tracey. The rainforests of Northern Australia. In: Groves, R. H. (Ed.), Australian Vegetation 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1994): 87-129.
Whitmore T. C. Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Whittaker, R. J. Communities and Ecosystems. London: Collier-Macmillan Ltd., 1970.
Whitten, A. J., J. M. Mustafa, and G. S. Henderson. The Ecology of Sulawesi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1987.
Whitten, T., R. E Soeriaatmadja, and S. Afif. The Ecology of Java and Bali. Singapore: Periplus Editions, 1996.
Widagti, N., I. Triyulianti, and M. D. M. Manessa. “Changes in Density of Mangrove Forest in Nusa Lembongan, Bali.” Proceeding of the 2nd CReSOS International Symposium n South East Asia Environmental Problems and Satellite Remote Sensing Denpasar, (2011): 171-176.
Witono, J. R., J. P. Mogea, and S. Somadikarta. “Pinanga in Java and Bali.” Palms 46, no.4 (2002): 193-200.
Witono, J. R. “Phenetic study on clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali.” Biodiversitas 4, no.1 (2003): 38-42.
Websites
Hanapi, A. “Peta Geologi Pulau Bali”. Accessed August 30, 2020. http://adryantohanapi013.blogspot.com/2015/11/peta-geologi-pulau-bali.html
www.iucnredlist.org
Downloads
Published
August 16, 2022
Categories
HOW TO CITE
Copyright (c) 2022 Kuswata Kartawinata, Roemantyo, Ary Prihardhyanto Keim, & Wawan Sujarwo
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Details about this monograph
ISBN-13 (15)
978-623-7425-73-1
