Indonesia's Energy Transition Preparedness Framework Towards 2045

Authors

Agus Kiswantono (ed)
Universitas Bhayangkara
Riostantieka Mayandari Shoedarto (ed)
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.892

Keywords:

energy, transition, renewable, sustainable, wind, solar, participation, ocean, OTEC, assessment, battery

Synopsis

Energy transition is a shift in the system of energy production and consumption, from fossil-based materials (oil, natural gas, coal) to renewable energy sources (nuclear, wind, solar). Indonesia’s national energy transition roadmap has set the vision towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future in 2045. The ultimate goal is to reach net zero emission, the state in which emissions caused by human activities are balanced by carbon dioxide removal over a certain period of time. With this vision, Indonesia stands as a beacon of promise in the global pursuit of green energy solutions, navigating the path towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

Indonesia's Energy Transition Preparedness Framework Towards 2045 unveils a comprehensive framework that encapsulates Indonesia’s energy transition readiness and elaborates the steps needed to strengthen the efforts. This book represents a significant milestone in Indonesia’s commitment to foster a transition towards renewable energy. From the lush landscapes of Sumatra to the vibrant cities of Java, Indonesia’s rich diversity is mirrored in its approach to energy transition—a transformative journey that encompasses not only technological advancements, but also socioeconomic considerations, policy dynamics, and the empowerment of its people.

This book will be useful for the general public to learn and understand the framework of energy transition and supplies, so that it will eventually accelerate clean energy momentum in Indonesia.

Chapters

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Agus Kiswantono, Universitas Bhayangkara

He is a lecturer at Bhayangkara University Surabaya, Indonesia. He actively teaches in the field of energy and electricity, such as courses in measuring electrical quantities, high voltage engineering, electrical and electronic circuits, digital electronics, and others. He is also active in FORTEI, a communication forum for Indonesian Electrical Engineering Higher Education. His attention to the field of energy and electricity has produced many scientific publications, such as ‘Design of Atmega2560 Charge Controller Battery Using Static Bicycle’, ‘Stability Control of Frequency and Voltage in Wind Power Plant using Complementary Load with Pid Control, Pwm and Thingspeak Monitor’, ‘Design of Single Phase Motor Current, Voltage, Over Temperature Protection System and Temperature Timing in Water Heater’, ‘Prototype Monitoring Electricity System 220v of Wind Power Plant (PLTB) based on the Internet of Things’, ‘Profile of Automation of Electricity Distribution System Bhayangkara University Surabaya’, and ‘Transmission Simulation at PJB Power Plant using ETAP 16.0’. He also gives lectures at various entrepreneurial, social, and religious events. E-mail contact: aguskiswantono@gmail.com.

Riostantieka Mayandari Shoedarto, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

She is a researcher at Research Center for Geological Resources, the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). She obtained a bachelor’s degree in Meteorology Science from the Faculty of Earth Science and Technology at the Institute Technology of Bandung, and a master’s degree from the Geothermal Master Program, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering at the Institute Technology of Bandung. Then, she finished Ph.D study in the Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering at Kyoto University, Japan. She has experiences as Postdoctoral Researcher at Kyoto University (March 2020–December 2021), Research Assistant at Kyoto University (March 2019–March 2020), Teaching Assistant at Kyoto University (March 2019–August 2019), Geothermal Analyst at the Institute Technology of Bandung (December 2013–August 2014), and Teaching Assistant at the Institute Technology of Bandung (September 2012–August 2013). She is also active as a Head of Geothermal and Geomedical Research Unit. She has expertise in the fields of renewable energy, geothermal exploration, hydrogeochemistry, and geobiology. Her interest in the energy sector has resulted in many publications, such as ‘Specifying Recharge Zones and Mechanisms of the Transitional Geothermal Field through Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Analyses with Consideration of Water-rock Interaction’, and ‘Pre Feasibility Study for Agricultural Drying Projects In Buru Island, Maluku’.
Contact: riostantieka.mayandari.shoedarto@brin.go.id

Af’ida Khofsoh

She works in the field of chemical engineering and industrial chemistry. She is an alumnus of Brawijaya University (UB) Malang, graduating in 2017, and completes her master’s degree from the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Australia. The author is a green energy activist and observer in the field of energy and environment. The author also actively publishes with stakeholders, focusing on the use of radiation energy (UV radiation, gamma rays, electron beam) which has an impact on the environment from agricultural wastewater.
Email: afidakhofsoh93@gmail.com

Ariyana Dwiputra Nugraha

He completed his master’s degree in material and metallurgy engineering at the University of Indonesia in 2016. He joined the PLN Research Institute (a state-owned electricity company in Indonesia) in 2009 as a Mechanical Engineer in the Failure Analysis and Testing Laboratory Department. In 2014, He started his career as a researcher. Starting in 2020, he started to focus and get involved in renewable energy development, especially ocean current energy. Email: ariyana@pln.co.id

Benita Dian Purnamasari, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

She is an early career researcher in the Research Centre for Sustainable Production and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). She obtained her bachelor’s degree in Industrial Engineering from Universitas Indonesia and Master of Business Administration from School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology. Currently, her research interests are related to carbon pricing, carbon tax, and carbon trading. Email: beni004@brin.go.id

Dedi Rustandi, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas)

Dedi Rustandi studied bachelor’s degree in Geology at Padjadjaran University. He worked for several years as a professional geologist before joining the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas). The development planning works he carries out cover the fields from geology and mining, to energy efficiency and renewable energy development. Dedi continued his postgraduate education at the University of Auckland (New Zealand) with a Master of Energy degree. His current position at Bappenas is senior planner (perencana madya). Dedi wrote a number of papers for several international conferences and journals, especially on energy and development planning issues. He can be contacted at dedi.rustandi@bappenas.go.id

Beny Harjadi, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Born in Solo or Surakarta Hadiningrat in 1961 on March 17, he obtained his bachelor’s degree in Soil Sciences from Faculty of Agriculture IPB in 1987, and master’s degree in Remote Sensing from École Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêst (ENGREF), Faculty of Forestry, Montpellier, France in 1996. He began his career as a staff at Watershed Management Technology Center (BTPDAS) which had working areas throughout Indonesia, and at that time it was still under the Director General of Land Reforestation and Land Conservation (RLKT), Ministry of Forestry. His task was accompanying experts from New Zealand as a counterpart from 1990 to 1993. While working with foreign experts, survey and training activities were carried out by inviting Forest Ecosystem Control (PEH) technician staff from the BPDAS office which was previously still called the RLKT Sub Center. He is currently a Principal Researcher in Landslide Mitigation at the Geological Disaster Research Center based at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) in Cisitu, Bandung
Email: beny003@brin.go.id

Erwandi, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Erwandi received a bachelor’s degree in Naval Architecture from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Surabaya, Indonesia in 1990. He finished a Master of Engineering degree in Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering from the Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Japan in 1999 and a Ph.D degree in Global Architecture, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University in 2002. He is currently working as a senior researcher at the Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia. His areas of interest include ship hydrodynamics, numerical hydrodynamics, ocean renewable energy converter, and the development of measurement techniques in the hydrodynamics laboratory in Surabaya. His recent research topic is the development of a marine current turbine converter that suitable for Indonesian water. He can be reached at: erwandi@brin.go.id.

Hanan Nugroho, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas)

He is a Chief Planner (Perencana Ahli Utama) with the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) of Indonesia. He has held several in-house positions, including Head of Electricity Development and Head of Oil & Gas Division. Graduated from Institut Teknologi Bandung, he took post-graduate studies in Energy and Mining Economics and Policies at several universities (Michigan Tech, Institut Francais du Petrole, and Kyoto Daigaku) in addition to attend various professional training in these fields. He occasionally teaches energy economics, planning and policy and serves as a resources person on Indonesia’s energy development. He has written several papers for various conferences related to “Energy, Environment, Economy”, in addition to a number of reports, journal papers, popular articles, and books, including “A Mosaic of Indonesian Energy Policy” (2011), “Thoughts on Indonesian Natural Gas Industry Development” (2022), and “Toward Better Energy Policies for Indonesia” (2023). He worked in joint-research with several energy and sustainable development think tanks globally and was invited as a Senior Research Fellow by Harvard Kennedy School (2012–2013). He can be contacted at nugrohohn@bappenas.go.id.

Hasti Afianti, Universitas Bhayangkara

She was born in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, in 1974. She obtained bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in Electrical Engineering from Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) in 1998, 2005, and 2021. From 2020, she has been working as a lecturer at Bhayangkara University Surabaya. Her interest in renewable energy started when she completed her undergraduate and doctoral degrees. She also attended the 9th ASEAN School of Renewable Energy held by UNESCO in collaboration with National University of Malaysia (UKM) in 2016. Her research includes modeling and simulation of electric power systems which focus on microgrid systems, power quality, and power electronics.
Email: hasti_afianti@ubhara.ac.id

Indri Hapsari, Universitas Surabaya

Indri Hapsari was born in Bogor. She completed her undergraduate and master’s education in the field of Industrial Engineering at the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology in Surabaya. Her doctoral studies in the same field were accomplished at the Universitas Indonesia, focusing on the design of tourist routes. Since 2002, Indri has been a part of the Universitas Surabaya’s Industrial Engineering faculty, actively participating in the implementation of tridharma perguruan tinggi. Her academic contributions include scholarly articles, textbooks, and travel literature. As a writer, she achieved recognition by winning the first prize in the Femina magazine short story writing competition in 2016.
Email: indri@staff.ubaya.ac.id

Inggit Kresna Maharsih, Universitas Brawijaya

Inggit Kresna Maharsih has been a lecturer at Brawijaya University (UB), Malang since 2021, teaching in the Bioprocess Technology Study Program. Previously, she also taught at the Kalimantan Institute of Technology (ITEKA) from 2018 to 2020. A graduate of Chemical Engineering, UB and Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan, she is also active in the field of bioprocess studies and is an environmental observer, which makes her plays an active role in researching and publishing research results in related fields.
Email: ikmaharsih@ub.ac.id

Kirstie Imelda Majesty, Universitas Indonesia

She is a researcher under the Environmental Economics for Sustainable Development Research Cluster at the School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia. She obtained her master’s degree in Environmental Science in 2019. Currently, her research interests are related to environmental sustainability & climate change, which includes GHG accounting, emission reduction, and nature-based solutions. 
Email: kirstie.imelda71@ui.ac.id

Muhammad Hamzah Solim, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

He has been a researcher at the Radiation Process Research and Technology Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) since 2020. Bachelor’s and master’s degree was completed at Medan State University and Airlangga University, Surabaya. Prior to his career as a researcher, he conducted studies on renewable energy such as biotenol which comes from orange peel waste. Then, he became a Teacher and Supervisor of Science and Biology Olympiads for MTs and MA participants in the Mojokerto region from 2015–2020. From 2021­2022, he became an ASN researcher who applies nuclear technology (radiation) in the agricultural sector at the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). After the research organization became the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the researcher joined the Plant Radiation Mutagenesis Research Group, Center for Radiation Process Research and Technology (PRTPR), Nuclear Energy Research Organization (ORTN) in 2022. Email: muha175@brin.go.id

Navik Puryantini, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Navik Puryantini is currently working as a researcher at Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, Organizational Research for Energy and Manufacture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). She finished her Master of Accounting from Airlangga University in 2017 with a scholarship from state accountability revitalization project Indonesia’s National Government Internal Auditor (STAR BPKP). Her research interests are in ocean energy conversion technology, socio-economy and policy of ocean energy. Email : navi001@brin.go.id.

Nur Laila Widyastuti, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas)

Nur Laila Widyastuti

Nur Laila Widyastuti is a senior planner (perencana madya) at the Directorate of Energy and Mineral Resources, National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas). Laila graduated with degrees in Informatics Engineering from Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November and English Literature from Airlangga University. She also got her Master's in Economics from University of Indonesia. At Bappenas, Laila's development planning works include oil and gas, energy data administration, and financing of energy development projects. She has also conducted a number of research on energy and the economy. Some of the articles she has written include “Premium, Pertalite or Pertamax: An Empirical Study of A-A Phenomenon on Indonesia” (2019), and “Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility to Export in ASEAN-5 Countries” (2016). Laila can be contacted at nur.laila@bappenas.go.id.

Rasgianti

Rasgianti completed her bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering at Andalas University in 2007. She joined the PLN Research Institute (a state-owned electricity company in Indonesia) in 2011 as a Civil Engineer in the Environmental and Civil Engineering laboratory department. In 2015, she started her career as a researcher. Furthermore, starting in 2020, she is also interested and involved in renewable energy, especially ocean current energy. Email: rasgianti1@pln.co.id

Ristiyanto Adiputra, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Ristiyanto Adiputra graduated in Naval Architecture from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2014. He then obtained his Master of Engineering degree in 2017 and his Doctor of Engineering degree in 2019 from the Department of Maritime Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan. He started his career as an assistant professor at the Ocean Energy Resources Laboratory of Kyushu University from 2019 to 2021. Currently, he is a researcher at the Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia. His research interests cover the reliability and hydrodynamics of marine structures, the Internal Flow Effects (IFE) of marine piping systems, and ocean energy utilization. He recently devoted himself to the development and implementation of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) and Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) in Indonesia. Email: ristiyanto.adiputra@brin.go.id

Takeshi Yasunaga, Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University

Takeshi Yasunaga is currently working on Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University (IOES), Japan as Associate Professor. He got PhD at Saga University in 2008. He worked at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. for the design and development of high-pressure pumps and energy recovery devises on large-scale reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination plants. He was the project leader of the research and development of ocean energy devises with a focus on wave power generation. Since 2015, he worked for the research on ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), organic Rankine cycles (ORC), and plate type heat exchanger at IOES. He is a board member of deep ocean water applications society Japan. E-mail: yasunaga@ioes.saga-u.ac.jp

References

Anderson, P. (2020). Achieving grid independence with batteryless solar home systems. Solar Energy Innovation, 28(3), 110–125.

Brown, D., Hall, S., & Davis, M. E. (2020). What is prosumerism for? Exploring the normative dimensions of decentralised energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 66, 101475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101475

Burke, M. J., & Stephens, J. C. (2018). Political power and renewable energy futures: A critical review. Energy Research & Social Science, 35, 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.018

Chen, H. (in press). A novel wind model downscaling with statistical regression and forecast for the cleaner energy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140217

Escobar, J. J. M., Matamoros, O. M., Padilla, R. J., Reyes, I. L., & Espinosa, H. Q. (2021). A comprehensive review on smart grids: Challenges and opportunity. Sensors, 21(21), 6978. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21216978 Kamran, M., & Fazal, M. R. (2021). Renewable energy conversion systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2019-0-05410-6

Lu, Y., Khan, Z. A., Alvarez-Alvarado, M. S., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., & Imran, M. (2020). A critical review of sustainable energy policies for the promotion of renewable energy sources. Sustainability, 12(12), 5078. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125078

Mulia, A. H., Wukirasih, S., & Suryadinata, W. H. (2023). Whiter just transition? A case study of energy transition mechanism (ETM) country platform in Indonesia. Global South Review, 5(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.81111

Primadhyta, S. (2022, March 17). Jokowi ungkap tiga tantangan transisi energi terbarukan. CNN Indonesia. www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20220317210916-85-772867/jokowi-ungkap-tiga-tantangan-transisi-energi-terbarukan

PwC. (2021). Energy transition readiness in Southeast Asia: The road ahead to a cleaner and energy efficient future. https://www.pwc.com/sg/en/publications/assets/page/energy-transition-readiness-in-southeast-asia.pdf

Resosudarmo, B. P., Rezki, J. F., & Effendi, Y. (2023). Prospects of energy transition in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 59(2), 149–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2023.2238336

Wolgamot, H. A., Taylor, P. H., & Eatock Taylor, R. (2012). The interaction factor and directionality in wave energy arrays. Ocean Engineering, 47, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.03.017

Adiputra, R., & Utsunomiya, T. (2018). Design optimization of floating structure for a 100 MW-Net Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant. In 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 3, (1–9). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77539

Adiputra, R., & Utsunomiya, T. (2019). Stability based approach to design cold-water pipe (CWP) for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). Applied Ocean Research, 92, 101921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101921

Adiputra, R., & Utsunomiya, T. (2021). Linear vs non-linear analysis on self-induced vibration of OTEC cold water pipe due to internal flow. Applied Ocean Research, 110, 102610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.102610

Adiputra, R., Utsunomiya, T., Koto, J., Yasunaga, T., & Ikegami, Y. (2020). Preliminary design of a 100 MW-net ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plant study case: Mentawai island, Indonesia. Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Japan), 25(1), 48–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-019-00630-7

Alawadhi, K., Alhouli, Y., Ashour, A., & Alfalah, A. (2020). Design and optimization of a radial turbine to be used in a rankine cycle operating with an OTEC system. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(11), 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110855

Arias-Gaviria, J., Osorio, A. F., & Arango-Aramburo, S. (2020). Estimating the practical potential for deep ocean water extraction in the Caribbean. Renewable Energy, 150, 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.083

Avery, W. H., & Wu, C. (1994). Renewable energy from the ocean: A guide to OTEC. Oxford University Press.

Aydin, H., Lee, H. S., Kim, H. J., Shin, S. K., & Park, K. (2014). Off-design performance analysis of a closed-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion system with solar thermal preheating and superheating. Renewable Energy, 72, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.07.001

Bharathan, D., Green, H. J., Link, H. F., Parsons, B. K., Parsons, J. M., & Zangrando, F. (1990). Conceptual Design of an Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Net Power-Producing Experiment (OC-OTEC NPPE) [Technical Report]. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information. https://doi.org/10.2172/6625364

Calleja-Agius, J., England, K., & Calleja, N. (2021). The effect of global warming on mortality. Early Human Development, 155, 105222 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105222

Chan, E. C. C., Tun, M. F. S., Graniel, J. F. B., & Acevedo, E. C. (2020). Environmental impact assessment of the operation of an open cycle OTEC 1MWe power plant in the Cozumel Island, Mexico. In A. S. Kim & H.-J. Kim (Eds.), Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) (p. ch. 8). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91179

Chen, F., Liu, L., Peng, J., Ge, Y., Wu, H., & Liu, W. (2019). Theoretical and experimental research on the thermal performance of ocean thermal energy conversion system using the rankine cycle mode. Energy, 183, 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.008

Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, W., Ge, Y., Xue, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022). Optimal design of radial inflow turbine for ocean thermal energy conversion based on the installation angle of nozzle blade. Renewable Energy, 184, 857–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.016

Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., & Wu, Y. (2021). Research on optimization and verification of the number of stator blades of kW ammonia working medium radial flow turbine in ocean thermal energy conversion. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(8), 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080901

Curzon, F. L., & Ahlborn, B. (1975). Efficiency of a Carnot engine at maximum power output. American Journal of Physics, 43(1), 22–24. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.10023

Dugger, G. L., & Francis, E. J. (1977). Design of an ocean thermal energy plant ship to produce ammonia via hydrogen. In International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (Vol. 2). Pergamon Press.

Dugger, G. L., Olsen, H. L., Shippen, W. B., Francis, E. J., & Avery, W. H. (1975). Ocean thermal power plants. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, 14, 2–20. https://secwww.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/Content/techdigest/pdf/APL-V14-N01/APL-14-01-Dugger.pdf

US Energy Information Administration. (2022). Levelized costs of new generation resources in the annual energy outlook 2022. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/electricity_generation.pdf

Esteban, M., & Leary, D. (2012). Current developments and future prospects of offshore wind and ocean energy. Applied Energy, 90(1), 128–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.011

Ganic, E. N., & Moeller, L. (1980). Performance study of an OTEC system. Applied Energy, 6(4), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(80)90019-7

Gava, P., Bozzo, G. M., & Paruzzolo, A. (1978, 8–11 May). A feasible concept for an integrated OTEC floating structure [Paper Presentation]. Offshore Technology Conference, Texas, United States of America. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4043/3334-MS

Griffin, O. M. (1981). OTEC cold water pipe design for problems caused by vortex-excited oscillations. Ocean Engineering, 8(2), 129–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(81)90023-8

Hernández-Romero, I. M., Zavala, V. M., Flores-Tlacuahuac, A., Nápoles-Rivera, F., Fuentes-Cortés, L. F., & Esquivel-Patiño, G. G. (2022). Multi-objective optimization of an open-cycle, ocean thermal energy conversion system with desalinization. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.109091

Herrera, J., Sierra, S., & Ibeas, A. (2021). Ocean thermal energy conversion and other uses of deep sea water: A review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(4), 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040356

Hisamatsu, R., & Utsunomiya, T. (2022). Coupled response characteristics of cold water pipe and moored ship for floating OTEC plant. Applied Ocean Research, 123, 103151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103151

IEA. (2020). Global energy review 2019: The latest trends in energy and emissions in 2019. OEDC Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/90c8c125-en

IEA. (2021). Electricity market report, July 2021. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/f4044a30-en

Ikegami, Y., & Bejan, A. (1998). On the thermodynamic optimization of power plants with heat transfer and fluid flow irreversibilities. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 120(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2888057

International Renewable Energy Agency. (2014). Ocean Therman Energy Conversion [Technology Brief]. International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2014/Ocean_Thermal_Energy_V4_web.pdf?rev=f8b271abc44549f78f68c25ad1380d9e

Johnson, D. H. (1983). The exergy of the ocean thermal resource and analysis of second-law efficiencies of idealized ocean thermal energy conversion power cycles. Energy, 8(12), 927–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(83)90092-0

Jung, H., Jo, J., Chang, J., & Lee, S. (2019). Experimental study on combined ocean thermal energy conversion with waste heat of power plant. KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy, 5(3), 215–222. https://doi.org/10.18770/KEPCO.2019.05.03.215

Kalina, A. I. (1983). Combined cycle and waste heat recovery power systems based on a novel thermodynamic energy cycle utilizing low-temperature heat for power generation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings-pdf/JPGC1983-GTPapers/79368/V001T02A003/2513296/v001t02a003-83-jpgc-gt-3.pdf

Kalina, A. I. (1984). Combined-cycle system with novel bottoming cycle. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 106(4), 737–742. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3239632

Kamogawa, H. (1980). OTEC research in Japan (Vol. 5). Pergamon Press Ltd.

Kearney, D. (2010, March 23). EIA’s outlook through 2035 [Presentation]. Annual Energy Outlook 2010, Washington DC, USA. https://www.stb.gov/wp-content/uploads/files/docs/railEnergyTransportationAdvisoryCommittee/EIA%20AEO%202010.pdf

Kim, A. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, H. S., & Cha, S. (2016). Dual-use open cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) using multiple condensers for adjustable power generation and seawater desalination. Renewable Energy, 85, 344–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.014

Kobayashi, H., Jitsuhara, S., & Uehara, H. (2001). The present status and features of OTEC and recent aspects of thermal energy conversion technologies. National Maritime Research Institute, Japan. https://newsroom.prkarma.com/assets/newsroom/documents/555.svrybz5k.pdf

Koto, J. (2016). Potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, 4(1), 1–7. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Koto_et_al_2016.pdf

Koto, J., & Negara, R. B. (2016). 10 MW Plant Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Morotai Island, North Maluku, Indonesia. Journal of Subsea and Offshore -Science and Engineering-, 8, 7–14. https://isomase.org/JSOse/Vol.8 Dec 2016/8-2.pdf

Lee, H. S., Yoon, J. I., Son, C. H., Ha, S. J., Seol, S. H., Ye, B. H., Kim, H. J., & Jung, G. J. (2015). Efficiency enhancement of the ocean thermal energy conversion system with a vapor-vapor ejector. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 7(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015571036

Link, H. F., & Parsons, B.K. (1986). Potential of proposed open-cycle OTEC experiments to achieve net power. Solar Energy Research Institute. In OCEANS, 86, 207–212. IEEE. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/2965.pdf

Liu, C. C. K. (2018). Ocean thermal energy conversion and open ocean mariculture: The prospect of Mainland-Taiwan collaborative research and development. Sustainable Environment Research, 28(6), 267–273.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2018.06.002

Liu, W. M., Chen, F. Y., Wang, Y. Q., Jiang, W. J., & Zhang, J. G. (2011). Progress of closed-cycle OTEC and study of a new cycle of OTEC. Advanced Materials Research, 354–355, 275–278. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.354-355.275

Liu, W., Xu, X., Chen, F., Liu, Y., Li, S., Liu, L., & Chen, Y. (2020). A review of research on the closed thermodynamic cycles of ocean thermal energy conversion. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 109581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109581

Ma, Q., Huang, J., Gao, Z., Lu, H., Luo, H., Li, J., Wu, Z., & Feng, X. (2022). Performance improvement of OTEC-ORC and turbine based on binary zeotropic working fluid. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8892450

Ma, Q., Zheng, Y., Lu, H., Li, J., Wang, S., Wang, C., Wu, Z., Shen, Y., & Liu, X. (2022). A novel ocean thermal energy driven system for sustainable power and fresh water supply. Membranes 2022, 12(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020160

Martin, B., Okamura, S., Yasunaga, T., Ikegami, Y., & Ota, N. (2022). OTEC and advanced deep ocean water use for Kumejima: An introduction. OCEANS 2022 - Chennai, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSChennai45887.2022.9775240

Masutani, S. M., & Takahashi, P. K. (2001). Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 1993–1999. https://doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0031

Mencher, F. M., Spencer, R. B., Woessner, J. W., Katase, S. J., & Barclay, D. K. (2009). Growth of nori (Porphyra tenera) in an experimental OTEC-Aquaculture system in Hawaii. Journal of the World Mariculture Society, 14(1–4), 458–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1983.tb00098.x

Miller, A. & Ascari, M. (2011). OTEC Advanced Composite Cold Water Pipe: Final Technical Report. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information. https://doi.org/10.2172/1024183

Miller, A., Rosario, T., & Ascari, M. (2012). Selection and validation of a minimum-cost cold water pipe material, configuration, and fabrication method for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems. In Proceedings of SAMPE. the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering. http://www.otecnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Lockheed-Martin-OTEC-Cold-Water-pipe-SAMPE-2012-paper.pdf

Moriarty, P., & Wang, S. J. (2015). Assessing global renewable energy forecasts. Energy Procedia, 75, 2523–2528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.256

Muralidharan, S. (2012). Assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion [Theses, Massachusetts Institute of Technology]. MIT Libraries. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76927

Mutair, S., & Ikegami, Y. (2014). Design optimization of shore-based low temperature thermal desalination system utilizing the ocean thermal energy. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 136(4), 041005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027575

Naing, C., Reid, S. A., Aye, S. N., Htet, N. H., & Ambu, S. (2019). Risk factors for human leptospirosis following flooding: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PloS One, 14(5), e0217643. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217643

Nakaoka, T., & Uehara, H. (1988). Performance test of a shell-and-plate type evaporator for OTEC. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1(3), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(88)90008-8

NOAA Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management. (2010). Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) environmental impacts [Report]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-otecenvironmental-impacts

Nihous, G. C. (2007). A preliminary assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion resources. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 129(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2424965

Nihous, G. C., & Vega, L. A. (1993). Design of a 100 MW OTEC-hydrogen plantship. Marine Structures, 6(2–3), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-8339(93)90020-4

Novikov, I. I. (1958). The efficiency of atomic power stations (a review). In Journal of Nuclear Energy (1954), 7(1–2), 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-3919(58)90244-4

Ocean Energy Systems. (2015). International Levelised Cost of of Energy for Ocean Energy Technologies [Report]. Ocean Energy Systems. https://tethys-engineering.pnnl.gov/sites/default/files/publications/oes.pdf

Ocean Energy Systems. (2018). An Overview of Ocean Energy Activities in 2018. The Executive Committee of Ocean Energy Systems, 146. https://tethys.pnnl.gov/sites/default/files/publications/oes2018_0.pdf

Panchal, C. B., & Bell, K. J. (1987). Simultaneous production of desalinated water and power using a Hybrid-Cycle OTEC plant. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 109(2), 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3268193

Petterson, M. G., & Kim, H. J. (2020). Can ocean thermal energy conversion and seawater utilisation assist small island developing states? A case study of Kiribati, Pacific Islands Region. In A. S. Kim & H.-J. Kim (Eds.), Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), Past, present, progress. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91945

Prawira, Z., Koto, J., Sofyan Arief, D., Ilahude, D., Tasri, A., & Kamil, I. (2017). Cooling Pipe of Offshore Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Selat Makassar, Indonesia. In International Journal of Environmental Research & Clean Energy, 5(1), 7–16. https://isomase.org/IJERCE/Vol.10 Apr 2018/10-2.pdf

Rajagopalan, K., & Nihous, G. C. (2013). Estimates of global Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) resources using an ocean general circulation model. Renewable Energy, 50, 532–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.014

Samsuri, N., Shaikh Salim, S. A. Z., Musa, M. N., & Mat Ali, M. S. (2016). Modelling performance of ocean-thermal energy conversion cycle according to different working fluids. Jurnal Teknologi, 78(11), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.11113/.v78.8741

Sasscer, D. S., & Ortabasi, U. (1979). Ocean thermal energy conversion (otec) tugboats for iceberg towing in tropical waters. In Desalination (Vol. 28).

Semmari, H., Stitou, D., & Mauran, S. (2012). A novel Carnot-based cycle for ocean thermal energy conversion. Energy, 43(1), 361–375. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.017

Setiawan, I. R., Purnama, I., & Halim, A. (2017). Increasing efficiency of a 33 MW OTEC in Indonesia using flat-plate solar collector for the seawater heater. Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 8(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2017.v8.33-39

Shukla, J. B., Verma, M., & Misra, A. K. (2017). Effect of global warming on sea level rise: A modeling study. Ecological Complexity, 32(A), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.10.007

Sinuhaji, A. R. (2015). Potential ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) in Bali. KnE Energy, 1(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.18502/ken.v1i1.330

Spellman, F. R. (2016). The science of renewable energy. CRC Press.

Srinivasan, N. (2009). A new improved ocean thermal energy conversion system with suitable floating vessel design. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE, 4(PART B) (1119–1129). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2009-80092

Sun, F., Ikegami, Y., Jia, B., & Arima, H. (2012). Optimization design and exergy analysis of organic rankine cycle in ocean thermal energy conversion. Applied Ocean Research, 35, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2011.12.006

Suparta, W. (2020). Marine heat as a renewable energy source. Widyakala: Journal of Pembangunan Jaya University, 7(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.36262/widyakala.v7i1.278

Syamsuddin, M. L., Attamimi, A., Nugraha, A. P., Gibran, S., Afifah, A. Q., & Oriana, N. (2015). OTEC potential in the Indonesian seas. Energy Procedia, 65, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.028

Tobal-Cupul, J. G., Garduño-Ruiz, E. P., Gorr-Pozzi, E., Olmedo-González, J., Martínez, E. D., Rosales, A., Navarro-Moreno, D. D., Benítez-Gallardo, J. E., García-Vega, F., Wang, M., Zamora-Castillo, S., Rodríguez-Cueto, Y., Rivera, G., García-Huante, A., Zertuche-González, J. A., Cerezo-Acevedo, E., & Silva, R. (2022). An assessment of the financial feasibility of an OTEC ecopark: A case study at Cozumel Island. Sustainability. 14(8), 4654. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084654

Uehara, H., Dilao, C. O., & Nakaoka, T. (1988). Conceptual design of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plants in the Philippines. Solar Energy, 41(5), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(88)90017-5

Uehara, H., Ikegami, Y., & Nishida, T. (1998). Performance analysis of OTEC system using a cycle with absorption and extraction processes. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B, 64(624), 2750–2755. https://doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.2750

Uehara, H., Miyara, A., Ikegami, Y., & Nakaoka, T. (1996). Performance analysis of an OTEC plant and a desalination plant using an integrated hybrid cycle. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 118(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2847976

Vega, L. A. (2002). Ocean thermal energy conversion primer. Marine Technology Society Journal, 36(4): 25–35. https://doi.org/10.4031/002533202787908626

Vega, L. A. (2013). Ocean thermal energy conversion. In M. Kaltschmitt, N. J. Themelis, L. Y. Bronicki, L. Soder, & L. A. Vega (Eds.). Renewable energy systems (1273–1305). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_695

Wang, C. M., & Wang, B. T. (2015). Great ideas float to the top. Large Floating Structures, 3, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-137-4_1

Wang, C. M., Yee, A. A., Krock, H., & Tay, Z. Y. (2011). Research and developments on ocean thermal energy conversion. IES Journal Part A: Civil and Structural Engineering, 4(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/19373260.2011.543606

Wang, T., Ding, L., Gu, C., & Yang, B. (2008). Performance analysis and improvement for CC-OTEC system. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 22(10), 1977–1983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-0742-9

Welsh, K., & Bowleg, J. (2022). Interventions and solutions for water supply on small islands: The case of New Providence, The Bahamas. Frontiers in Water, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.983167

Wu, C. (1987). A performance bound for real OTEC heat engines. Ocean Engineering, 14(4): 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(87)90032-1.

Xiang, S., Cao, P., Erwin, R., & Kibbee, S. (2013). OTEC cold water pipe global dynamic design for ship-shaped vessels. In Proceedings of the ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Volume 8: Ocean Renewable Energy: Paper V008T09A060. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2013-10927

Yang, M. H., & Yeh, R. H. (2014). Analysis of optimization in an OTEC plant using organic Rankine cycle. Renewable Energy, 68, 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.01.029

Yasunaga, T., Fontaine, K., & Ikegami, Y. (2021). Performance evaluation concept for ocean thermal energy conversion toward standardization and intelligent design. Energies, 14(8), 2336. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082336

Yasunaga, T., & Ikegami, Y. (2020). Finite-time thermodynamic model for evaluating heat engines in ocean thermal energy conversion. Entropy, 22(2), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22020211

Yoshizuka, K., Holba, M., Yasunaga, T., & Ikegami, Y. (2007). Performance evaluation of benchmark plant for selective lithium recovery from seawater. Journal of Ion Exchange, 18(4), 450–453. https://doi.org/10.5182/jaie.18.450

Yoshizuka, K., Holba, M., Yasunaga, T., & Ikegami, Y. (2007). Performance evaluation of benchmark plant for selective lithium recovery from seawater. Journal of Ion Exchange, 18(4), 450–453. https://doi.org/10.5182/jaie.18.450

Zulqarnain, Mohd Yusoff, M. H., Keong, L. K., Yasin, N. H., Rafeen, M. S., Hassan, A., Srinivasan, G., Yusup, S., Shariff, A. M., & Jaafar, A. B. (2023). Recent development of integrating CO2 hydrogenation into methanol with ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) as potential source of green energy. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 16(1), 2152740.. Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2022.2152740

ACE. (2022). The 7th ASEAN energy outlook 2020-2050. ASEAN Center for Energy. https://aseanenergy.org/the-7th-asean-energy-outlook/

Beaton, C., Toft, L., & Lontoh, L. (2015). An input to Indonesian fuel price system reforms: A review of international experiences with fuel pricing systems. International Institute for Sustainable Development Global Subsidies Initiative. https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/ffs_indonesia_pricing_exec.pdf

Director General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (2023). Optimizing renewable and fossing energy toward energy transition in Indonesia. Report Presentation at: Indonesia Petroleum Association Convention and Exhibition 2023 (IPA Convex 2023). https://convex.ipa.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Industry_Insight_-_Dadan_Kusdiana.pdf

Energy Institute (2023). Statistical review of world energy 2023. https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review

GGGI. (2020). Employment assessment of renewable energy: Indonesian power sector pathways. The Global Green Growth Institute. http://greengrowth.bappenas.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Employment-assessment-of-renewable-energy-Indonesian-power-sector-pathways-NEAR-NDC.pdf

IEA. (2022). An energy sector roadmap to net zero emissions in Indonesia. The International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org/events/an-energy-sector-roadmap-to-net-zero-emissions-in-indonesia

IESR. (2021). Indonesia energy transition outlook 2022, Tracking progress of energy transition in Indonesia: Aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050. The Institute for Essential Services Reform. https://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Indonesia-Energy-Transition-Outlook-2022-IESR-Digital-Version-.pdf

IESR. (2022). Indonesia energy transition outlook 2023 tracking progress of energy transition in Indonesia: Pursuing energy security in the time of transition. The Institute for Essential Services Reform. https://iesr.or.id/en/pustaka/indonesia-energy-transition-outlook-ieto-2023

IRENA. (2021a). Renewable energy statistics 2021. International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/publications/2021/Aug/Renewable-energy-statistics-2021

IRENA. (2021b). Renewable energy and jobs, Annual review 2021. The International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/publications/2021/Aug/Renewable-energy-statistics-2021

Kemenperin. (2015). Rencana induk pembangunan industri nasional 2015–2035. Ministry of Industry. https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/4174

Kemen PPN/Bappenas. (2023). Rancangan akhir, Rencana pembangunan jangka panjang nasional 2025–2045. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_UCOu-JQfsMSjpVo2a6S3NTma67vpWhw/view

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. (2022). Energy transition priority program in 2022 on a working meeting with the Commission VII of the House of Representatives. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Ministry of Finance (2023). Buku II Nota Keuangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Tahun Anggaran 2023. Republik Indonesia. https://media.kemenkeu.go.id/getmedia/4d726514-8416-47db-ab51-49506bbcdaaa/Buku-II-Nota-Keuangan-APBN-2023.pdf?ext=.pdf.

Nugroho, H., & Rustandi, D. (2020) An analysis of the possibility to achieve the specified Indonesian renewable energy development target: Status and proposal for the 2020–2024 medium-term development plan. The IAFOR International Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment. The International Academic Forum. https://papers.iafor.org/proceedings/conference-proceedings-iicseehawaii2020/

Nugroho, H., Rustandi, D., & Widyastuti, N. L. (2021). What position should Indonesia have in placing its renewable energy development and energy transition plan? Bappenas Working Papers, IV(2), 239–254. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/375166-what-position-should-indonesia-have-in-p-ff79b00d.pdf

Nugroho, H. (2015) Redefining Indonesia’s energy security: Efforts to adopt cleaner, more sustainable energy strategies. Indonesia a Regional Energy Leader in Transition. National Bureau of Asian Research. https://www.nbr.org/publication/redefining-indonesias-energy-security-efforts-to-adopt-cleaner-more-sustainable-energy-strategies/

Nugroho, H. (2018). Jalan panjang terjal transisi energi dan peran perencanaan pembangunan di Nusantara. PRISMA (Jurnal Pemikiran Sosial Ekonomi), 37(1), 3–19.

Nugroho, H. (2023a). Toward better energy policies for Indonesia. One Peach Media. https://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Indonesia-Energy-Transition-Outlook_2023.pdf

Nugroho, H. (2023b, August 1). Mempercepat langkah menuju emisi nol bersih. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/english/2023/07/31/en-mempercepat-langkah-menuju-emisi-nol-bersih

OECD. (2022). Climate finance provided and mobilized by developed countries in 2016-2020: Insights from disaggregated analysis, climate finance, and the USD 100 billion goal. Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/environment/climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by-developed-countries-in-2016-2020-286dae5d-en.htm

Pusditek. (2022). Ketenakerjaan dalam Data, ed. 5. Ministry of Manpower of Indonesia. https://satudata.kemnaker.go.id/satudata-public/2022/09/files/publikasi/1665058720577_2022%2520-%2520Buku%2520KDD%2520edisi%25205.pdf

Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 79 Tahun 2014 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional. (2014). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/5523/pp-no-79-tahun-2014

The Republic of Indonesia. (2020). The national medium-term development plan 2019–2024. The National Development Planning Agency. https://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/e-library/file_upload/koleksi/migrasi-data-publikasi/file/RP_RKP/Narasi-RPJMN-2020-2024-versi-Bahasa-Inggris.pdf

WEF. (2021). Fostering effective energy transition 2021 edition. World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Fostering_Effective_Energy_Transition_2021.pdf

Andrews-Speed, P. (2016). Connecting ASEAN through the power grid: Next steps. (Policy Brief No. 11). Energy Studies Institute. http://www.asean-aemi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/AEMI-ACEF2016-ConnectingASEANPolicyBrief-PhilipAndrewsSpeed.pdf

Asian Development Bank. (2015). Fossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia: Trends, impacts and reforms. Asian Development Bank. http://hfl.handle.net/11540/5244/ License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.

Cherp, A., Adenikinju, A., Goldthau, A., Hernandez, F., Hughes, L., Jewell, J., Olshanskaya, M., Jansen, J., Soares, R., & Vakulenko, S. (2012). Energy and security. In T. B. Johansson, N. Nakicenovic, & A. Patwardan (Eds.), Global energy assessment: Toward a sustainable future (325–383). Cambridge University Press. http://www.globalenergyassessment.org/

CPI. (2021). Global landscape of climate finance 2021. Climate Policy Intiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Full-report-Global-Landscape-of-Climate-Finance-2021.pdf

Diaz-Rainey, I., Tulloch, D. J., Ahmed, I., McCarten, M., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). An energy policy for ASEAN? Lessons from the EU experience on energy integration, security, and decarbonization. (ADBI Working Paper 1217). Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/publications/energy-policy-asean-lessons-eu-experience-energy-integration-security-decarbonization

Dimawarnita, F., Kartika, I. A., & Hambali, E. (2021). Sustainability of biodiesel B30, B40, and B50 in Indonesia with addition of emulsifier. IOP conference series: Earth and environmental science, 749, 012026. 10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012026

Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31(8–9), 1257–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00062-8

IPCC. (2018). Global warming of 1.5 C intergovernmental panel change. http://www.ipcc/ch/report/sr15/

IRENA. (2018). Renewable energy market analysis: Southeast Asia. [Report]. International Renewable Energy. https://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-Energy-Market-Analysis-Southeast-Asia

Ogunkunle, O., & Ahmed, N. (2019). A review of the global current scenario of biodiesel adoption and combustion in vehicular diesel engines. Energy Reports, 5, 1560–1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.10.028

Poggensee, J. (2023, July 5). The pricing of sustainability-linked bonds on the primary and secondary bond market. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4501687 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/

ssrn.4501687Schelly, C., Besset, D., Brosemer, K., Gagnon, V., Arola, K. L., Fiss, A., Pearce, J. M., & Halvorsen, K. E. (2020). Energy policy for energy sovereignty: Can policy tools enhance energy sovereignty?. Solar Energy, 205, 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.056

The World Bank. (2022). Indonesia economy prospect: Financial deepening for stronger growth and sustainable recovery. [Report]. The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/publication/indonesia-economic-prospects-iep-june-2022-financial-deepening-for-stronger-growth-and-sustainable-recovery

British Petroleum (2018). Advancing the energy transition. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/sustainability/group-reports/bp-advancing-the-energy-transition.pdf.

Buntaine, M. T. & Pizer, W. A. (2015). Encouraging clean energy investment in developing countries: What role for aid?. Climate Policy, 15(5), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2014.953903

Jahangiri, M., Nematollahi, O., Haghani, A., Raiesi, H. A. & Shamsabadi, A. A. (2019). An optimization of energy cost of clean hybrid solar-wind power plants in Iran. International Journal of Green Energy, 16(15), 1422–1435. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2019.1671415

Kat, B. (2023). Clean energy transition in the Turkish power sector: A techno-economic analysis with a high-resolution power expansion model. Utilities Policy, 82, 101538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101538

Lamichaney, S., Baranwal, R. K., Maitra, S. & Majumdar, G. (2020). Clean energy technologies: Hydrogen power and fuel cells. Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, 366–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.11040-9

Ling, M., Yang, S., & Zhang, M. (2022). Power supply system scheduling and clean energy application based on adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(3), 2074–2087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.08.008

Liu, W., & Li, Y. (2023). Research on the evolution mechanism of promoting clean power supply under the background of rural energy reform in China. Energy Reports, 9, 2592–2603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.01.097

Lund, P. D. (2015). Clean energy systems as mainstream energy options. International Journal Energy Research, 40, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3283

PT PLN (2023, May 22), Transisi energi PLN menuju NZE 2060, Press Release No.310. PR/ STH.00.01/V/2023 https://web.pln.co.id/cms/media/siaran-pers/2023/05/pln-telah-finalkan-sederet-proyek-transisi-energi-menuju-nze-2060/

Sadekin, S., Zaman, S., Mahfuz, M. & Sarkar, R. (2019). Nuclear power as foundation of a clean energy future: A review. Energy Procedia, 160, 513–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.200

SPX Flow Technology. (2011). Power generation: Self-cleaning filters in biomass energy production systems. Filtration + Separation, 48, 33–34.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-1882(11)70261-0

Sun, J. & Dong, F. (2022). Decomposition of carbon emission reduction efficiency and potential for clean energy power: Evidence from 58 countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132312

Tao, H., Zhou, J. & Musharavati, F. (2023). Techno-economic examination and optimization of a combined solar power and heating plant to achieve a clean energy conversion plant. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 174, 223–234, 132312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.03.082

Wahi, I. (2022, October 17). 8 upaya PLN kurangi emisi karbon bakal dipamerkan dalam SOE international conference. Harian Fajar. https://harian.fajar.co.id/2022/10/17/8-upaya-pln-kurangi-emisi-karbon-bakal-dipamerkan-dalam-soe-international-conference/

Zhang, F., Tang, T., Su, J. & Huang, K. (2020). Inter-sector network and clean energy innovation: Evidence from the wind power sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 263, 121287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121287

Afianti, H., Ashari, M., Penangsang, O., Soeprijanto, A., & Suyanto. (2016). Power transfer enhancement in hybrid AC – DC microgrids. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(7), 1660–1664. https://docsdrive.com/?pdf=medwelljournals/jeasci/2016/1660-1664.pdf

Afianti, H., Penangsang, O., & Soeprijanto, A. (2015). Management strategy of hybrid microgrid to reduce multiple conversion. In International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Informatics and Its Education 2015 (CEIE-2015).

Aji, I. P., & Afianti, H. (2021). Comparison of lithium ion and lithium polymer performance as solar panel energy storage. JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences), 6(1), 1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.54732/jeecs.v6i2.199

Azoumah, Y., Yamegueu, D., Ginies, P., Coulibaly, Y., & Girard, P. (2011). Sustainable electricity generation for rural and peri-urban populations of Sub-Saharan Africa: The ‘‘Flexy-energy” concept. Energy Policy, 39, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.021

Firdaus, A. A. (2022, September 5). Kembangkan panel surya dengan firefly algorithm. UNAIR News. https://unair.ac.id/kembangkan-panel-surya-dengan-firefly-algorithm/

ICA Solar (2021). Apa itu solar charge controller? Perbedaan PWM dengan MPPT? ICA Solar. https://m.icasolar.com/support/blog/pwm

International Renewable Energy Agency. (2022). Indonesia energy transition outlook. International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2022/Oct/Indonesia-Energy-Transition-Outlook

Lasseter, R. H., & Paigi, P. (2004). Microgrid: A conceptual solution. In IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (4285–4290). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2004.1354758

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Handbook of energy and economic statistics of Indonesia 2022. https://www.esdm.go.id/assets/media/content/content-handbook-of-energy-and-economic-statistics-of-indonesia-2022.pdf

Nurcahyo, R., Setyoko, A. T., Habiburrahman, M. (2023). Pengelolaan limbah baterai bekas sebagai limbah B3. Universitas Indonesia Publishing. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370375908_PENGELOLAAN_LIMBAH_BATERAI_BEKAS_SEBAGAI_LIMBAH_B3_Penulis

Putra, A. S., Afianti, H., & Watiasih, R. (2022). Comparative analysis of solar charge controller performance between MPPT and PWM on solar panels. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 7(1), 1197–1202. https://doi.org/10.54732/jeecs.v7i1.217

Ritchie, H., Roser M., & Rosado, P. (2020). Renewable energy. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy

Ritchie, H., & Rosado, P. (2023). Fossil fuels. Our World in Data. OurWorldInData.org/fossil-fuels.

RS Worldwide (n.d.). 600W fixed installation DC-AC power inverter, 24V / 230V. Accessed on November 14th, 2023, from https://www.rs-online.id/p/power-inverter-pure-sine-wave-24v-600w/

Ruhulessin, M. F. (2022, September 13). 3 tipe panel surya yang bisa menjadi pilihan untuk rumah anda. Kompas. https://properti.kompas.com/read/2022/09/13/201500721/3-tipe-panel-surya-yang-bisa-menjadi-pilihan-untuk-rumah-anda?page=all

Shopbwana. (2021). 5 kW solar home system. Infobwana, Ltd. https://shopbwana.com/product/ckbawe4bb1uwo01495aickswf

Solar Square. (2022, June 21). What is solar net metering: Working, installation & how to apply. https://www.solarsquare.in/blog/solar-metering-energy/

Tsuanyo, D., Azoumah, Y., Aussel, D., & Neveu, P. (2015). Modeling and optimization of batteryless hybrid PV (Photovoltaic)/Diesel systems for off-grid applications. Energy, 86, 152–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.128

WHE. (2023, March 27). Berbahaya! Aki bekas jika tidak dikelola dengan benar dan tepat. Wahana Hijau Enviro. https://whe.co.id/berbahaya-aki-bekas-jika-tidak-dikelola-dengan-benar-dan-tepat/

Abdullah, F. B., Iqbal, R., Hyder, S. I., & Jawaid, M. (2020). Energy security indicators for Pakistan: An integrated approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 110122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110122

Akpoborie, J., Fayomi, O. S. I., Inegbenebor, A. O., Ayoola, A. A., Dunlami, O., Samuel, O. D., & Agboola, O. (2021). Electrochemical reaction of corrosion and its negative economic impact. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1107(1), 012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012071

Alam, S., Nurhidayah, L., Utomo, N. A., & Suntoro, A. (in press). The societal implications of renewable energy policy and legislation in Indonesia’s just energy transition. Climate Law.

Ashnani, M. H. M., Johari, A., Hashim, H., & Hasani, E. (2014). A source of renewable energy in Malaysia, why biodiesel? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.001

Boehlert, G. W., & Gill, A. B. (2010). Environmental and ecological effects of ocean renewable energy development: A current synthesis. Oceanography, 23(2), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.46

Budak, G., Chen, X., Celik, S., & Ozturk, B. (2019). A systematic approach for assessment of renewable energy using analytic hierarchy process. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 9, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-019-0219-y

Buffi, M., Prussi, M., & Scarlat, N. (2022). Energy and environmental assessment of hydrogen from biomass sources: Challenges and perspectives. Biomass and Bioenergy, 165, 106556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106556

Cannon, G., & Kiang, J. G. (2022). A review of the impact on the ecosystem after ionizing irradiation: Wildlife population. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 98(6), 1054–1062. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1793021

Carlson, K. M., Curran, L. M., Ratnasari, D., Pittman, A. M., Soares-Filho, B. S., Asner, G. P., Trigg, S. N., Gaveau, D. A., Lawrence, D., & Rodrigues, H. O. (2012). Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(19), 7559–7564. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200452109

Chaîneau, C. H., Miné, J., & Suripno. (2010). The integration of biodiversity conservation with oil and gas exploration in sensitive tropical environments. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 587–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9733-0

Choi, D. Y., Wittig, T. W., & Kluever, B. M. (2020). An evaluation of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines in the Northeastern United States. PLoS ONE, 15(8), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238034

Chowdhury, M. S., Rahman, K. S., Chowdhury, T., Nuthammachot, N., Techato, K., Akhtaruzzaman, M., Tiong, S. K., Sopian, K., & Amin, N. (2020). An overview of solar photovoltaic panels’ end-of-life material recycling. Energy Strategy Reviews, 27, 100431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100431

Dama, M., Mulka, S. R., Hasanah, N., & Barlian, J. (2021). Implementation of green government by the regional government of East Kalimantan Province as a form of ecological principles (Case study of the impact of the implementation of coal mining policy in Samarinda City). Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 4(3), 4445–4457. https://www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/2222

Darma, S., Imani, Y. L., Shidqi, M. N. A., Riyanto, T. D., & Daud, M. Y. (2021). Country update: The fast growth of geothermal energy development in Indonesia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. https://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2020/01073.pdf

Denholm, P., King, J. C., Kutcher, C. F., & Wilson, P. P. H. (2012). Decarbonizing the electric sector: Combining renewable and nuclear energy using thermal storage. Energy Policy, 44, 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.055

Desideri, U., Zepparelli, F., Morettini, V., & Garroni, E. (2013). Comparative analysis of concentrating solar power and photovoltaic technologies: Technical and environmental evaluations. Applied Energy, 102, 765–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.033

Dhar, A., Naeth, M. A., Jennings, P. D., & El-din, M. G. (2020). Geothermal energy resources: Potential environmental impact and land reclamation. Environmental Reviews, 28(4), 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2019-0069

Fan, K., & Nam, S. (2018). Accelerating geothermal development in Indonesia: A case study in the underutilization of geothermal energy. Consilience, 19, 103–129. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26427715

Farobie, O., & Hartulistiyoso, E. (2022). Palm oil biodiesel as a renewable energy resource in Indonesia: Current status and challenges. Bioenergy Research, 15, 93–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10344-7

Foong, S. Y., Chan, Y. H., Lock, S. S. M., Chin, B. L. F., Yiin, C. L., Cheah, K. W., Loy, A. C. M., Yek, P. N. Y., Chong, W. W. F., & Lam, S. S. (2023). Microwave processing of oil palm wastes for bioenergy production and circular economy: Recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects. Bioresource Technology, 369, 128478. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128478

Fragkos, P., van Soest, H. L., Schaeffer, R., Reedman, L., Köberle, A. C., Macaluso, N., Evangelopoulou, S., De Vita, A., Sha, F., Qimin, C., Kejun, J., Mathur, R., Shekhar, S., Dewi, R. G., Herran, D. S., Oshiro, K., Fujimori, S., Park, C., Safonov, G., & Iyer, G. (2021). Energy system transitions and low-carbon pathways in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU-28, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russia and the United States. Energy, 216, 119385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119385

Frantál, B., & Kunc, J. (2011). Wind turbines in tourism landscapes: Czech Experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 499–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.10.007

Gallo, A. B., Simões-Moreira, J. R., Costa, H. K. M., Santos, M. M., & dos Santos, E. M. (2016). Energy storage in the energy transition context: A technology review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 800–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.028

Gielen, D., Boshell, F., Saygin, D., Bazilian, M. D., Wagner, N., & Gorini, R. (2019). The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006

Halkos, G. E., & Gkampoura, E.-C. (2020). Reviewing usage, potentials, and limitations of renewable energy sources. Energies, 13(11), 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112906

Hill, H. (2018). Asia’s third giant: A survey of the Indonesian economy. Economic Record, 94(307), 469–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12439

Hosseini, S. E. (2020). An outlook on the global development of renewable and sustainable energy at the time of COVID-19. Energy Research and Social Science, 68, 101633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101633

Huang, Y., & Wu, J. (2008). Analysis of biodiesel promotion in Taiwan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(4), 1176–1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.01.009

Irwandi, H., Rosid, M. S., & Mart, T. (2021). The effects of ENSO, climate change and human activities on the water level of Lake Toba, Indonesia: A critical literature review. Geoscience Letters, 8(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-021-00191-x

Joung, T. H., Kang, S. G., Lee, J. K., & Ahn, J. (2020). The IMO initial strategy for reducing Greenhouse Gas(GHG) emissions, and its follow-up actions towards 2050. Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/25725084.2019.1707938

Khalil, M., Berawi, A. M., Heryanto, R., & Rizalie, A. (2019). Waste to energy technology: The potential of sustainable biogas production from animal waste in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 105, 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.011

Kokkinos, K., Karayannis, V., & Moustakas, K. (2020). Circular bio-economy via energy transition supported by fuzzy cognitive map modeling towards sustainable low-carbon environment. Science of the Total Environment, 721, 137754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137754

Kokkinos, K., Lakioti, E., Papageorgiou, E., Moustakas, K., & Karayannis, V. (2018). Fuzzy cognitive map-based modeling of social acceptance to overcome uncertainties in establishing waste biorefinery facilities. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00112

Kuvlesky, W. P., Brennan, L. A., Morrison, M. L., Boydston, K. K., Ballard, B. M., & Bryant, F. C. (2007). Wind energy development and wildlife conservation: Challenges and opportunities The Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(8), 2487–2498. https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-248

Lestari, P., Arrohman, M. K., Damayanti, S., & Klimont, Z. (2022). Emissions and spatial distribution of air pollutants from anthropogenic sources in Jakarta. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 13(9), 101521. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101521

Li, L., Lin, J., Wu, N., Xie, S., Meng, C., Zheng, Y., Wang, X., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Review and outlook on the international renewable energy development. Energy and Built Environment, 3(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.12.002

Mada, K. (2023, August 23). Thursday, Japan discards nuclear waste, pacific nations and fishermen refuse. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/english/2023/08/23/en-kamis-jepang-buang-limbah-nuklir-bangsa-pasifik-dan-nelayan-jepang-menolak

Murdiyarso, D., Hergoualc’H, K., & Verchot, L. V. (2010). Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(46), 19655–19660. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911966107

Nabhani, K. A., Khan, F., & Yang, M. (2016). Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials in oil and gas production: A silent killer. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 99, 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.09.014

Nasruddin, Idrus Alhamid, M., Daud, Y., Surachman, A., Sugiyono, A., Aditya, H. B., & Mahlia, T. M. I. (2016). Potential of geothermal energy for electricity generation in Indonesia: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 733–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.032

Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2015). https://unfccc.int/documents/184656

Omodeo-salé, S., Eruteya, O. E., Cassola, T., Baniasad, A., & Moscariello, A. (2020). A basin thermal modelling approach to mitigate geothermal energy exploration risks: The St. Gallen case study (Eastern Switzerland). Geothermics, 87, 101876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101876

Oteng, D., Zuo, J., & Sharifi, E. (2021). A scientometric review of trends in solar photovoltaic waste management research. Solar Energy, 224, 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.06.036

Proskurina, S., Junginger, M., Heinimö, J., Tekinel, B., & Vakkilainen, E. (2019). Global biomass trade for energy Part 2: Production and trade streams of wood pellets, liquid biofuels, charcoal, industrial roundwood and emerging energy biomass. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 13(2), 371–387. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1858

Qi, L., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Effects of solar photovoltaic technology on the environment in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(28), 22133–22142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9987-0

Richter, A. (2023, January 10). ThinkGeoEnergy’s top 10 geothermal countries 2022 – Power generation capacity (MW). ThinkGeoEnergy. https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/thinkgeoenergys-top-10-geothermal-countries-2022-power-generation-capacity-mw/

Röck, M., Saade, M. R. M., Balouktsi, M., Rasmussen, F. N., Birgisdottir, H., Frischknecht, R., Habert, G., Lützkendorf, T., & Passer, A. (2020). Embodied GHG emissions of buildings – The hidden challenge for effective climate change mitigation. Applied Energy, 258, 114107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114107

Rozell, D. J., & Reaven, S. J. (2012). Water pollution risk associated with natural gas extraction from the Marcellus Shale. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 32(8), 1382–1393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01757.x

Saharudin, D. M., Jeswani, H. K., & Azapagic, A. (2023). Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECSS): Life cycle environmental and economic assessment of electricity generated from palm oil wastes. Applied Energy, 349, 121506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121506

Santosa, S. J., Okuda, T., & Tanaka, S. (2008). Air pollution and urban air quality management in Indonesia. CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water, 36(5–6), 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200800038

Shah, S. A. R., Zhang, Q., Abbas, J., Tang, H., & Al-Sulaiti, K. I. (2023). Waste management, quality of life and natural resources utilization matter for renewable electricity generation: The main and moderate role of environmental policy. Utilities Policy, 82, 101584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101584

Sharmin, T., Khan, N. R., Akram, M. S., & Ehsan, M. M. (2023). A State-of-the-art review on for geothermal energy extraction, utilization, and improvement strategies: Conventional, hybridized, and enhanced geothermal systems. International Journal of Thermofluids, 18, 100323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100323

Sikumbang, I. (2022, May 19). Indonesia wind power potential & challenges [Presentation]. China RE Invest Indonesia-A renewable energy investment forum, Jakarta-Beijing (Online forum). https://reinvestindonesia.com/assets/source/materials/china-2022/Bapak_Ifnaldi_Sikumbang.pdf

Sivalingam, V., Parhizkarabyaneh, P., Winkler, D., Lu, P., Haugen, T., Wentzel, A., & Dinamarca, C. (2022). Impact of electrochemical reducing power on homoacetogenesis. Bioresource Technology, 345, 126512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126512

Suharmanto, P., Fitria, A. N., & Ghaliyah, S. (2015). Indonesian geothermal energy potential as source of alternative energy power plant. KnE Energy, 1(1), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.18502/ken.v1i1.325

Tasnim, S. S., Rahman, M. M., Hasan, M. M., Shammi, M., & Tareq, S. M. (2022). Current challenges and future perspectives of solar-PV cell waste in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 8(2), E08970 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08970

Ubando, A. T., Rivera, D. R. T., Chen, W.-H., & Culaba, A. B. (2019). A comprehensive review of life cycle assessment (LCA) of microalgal and lignocellulosic bioenergy products from thermochemical processes. Bioresource Technology, 291, 121837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121837

Valatin, G., Ovando, P., Abildtrup, J., Accastello, C., Andreucci, M. B., Chikalanov, Mokaddem, A. E., Garcia, S., Gonzales-Sanchis, M., Gordillo, F., Kayacan, B., Little, D., Lyubenova, M., Nisbet, T., Paletto, A., Petucco, C., Termansen, M., Vasylyshyn, K., Vedel, S. E., & Yousefpour, R. (2022). Approaches to cost-effectiveness of payments for tree planting and forest management for water quality services. Ecosystem Services, 53, 101373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101373

Vo, D. T., Waryan, S., Dharmawan, A., Susilo, R., Wicaksana, R. (2000, October 16-18). Lookback on performance of 50 horizontal wells targeting thin oil columns, Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan [Paper presentation]. SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Brisbane, Australia. https://doi.org/10.2118/64385-MS

Watson, R. T., Kolar, P. S., Ferrer, M., Nygård, T., Johnston, N., Hunt, W. G., Smit-Robinson, H. A., Farmer, C. J., Huso, M., & Katzner, T. E. (2018). Raptor interactions with wind energy: Case studies from around the world. Journal of Raptor Research, 52(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-16-100.1

Whitehead, P. G., Crossman, J., Balana, B. B., Futter, M. N., Comber, S., Jin, L., Skuras, D., Wade, A. J., Bowes, W. J., & Read, D. S. (2013). A cost-effectiveness analysis of water security and water quality: Impacts of climate and land-use change on the River Thames system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 371, 20120413. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0413

Wisnubroto, D. S., Ruslan, Irawan, D., & Erni, T. (2019). Public opinion survey on nuclear energy in Indonesia: Understanding public perception on nuclear power plant program. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2180(1), 020042. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135551

Yudha, S. W., Tjahjono, B., & Longhurst, P. (2022). Unearthing the dynamics of Indonesia’s geothermal energy development. Energies, 15(14), 5009. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145009

Zulkarnain, Z. (2014). Soil erosion assessment of the post-coal mining site in Kutai Kartanagera District, East Kalimantan Province. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 7(2), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.7.2.130-136

Balogun, A. L., Marks, D., Sharma, R., Shekhar, H., Balmes, C., Maheng, D., Arshad, A., & Salehi, P. (2020). Assessing the potentials of digitalization as a tool for climate change adaptation and sustainable development in urban centres. Sustainable Cities and Society, 53, 101888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101888

Das, K. P., & J., Chandra. (2023). A survey on artificial intelligence for reducing the climate footprint in healthcare. Energy Nexus, 9, 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100167

Gregorio, M. D., Nurrochmat, D. R., Fatorelli, L., Pramova, E., Sari, I. M., Locatelli, B., & Brockhaus, M. (2015). Integrating mitigation and adaptation in climate and land use policies in Indonesia: A policy document analysis (Working Paper No. 90). Sustainability Research Institute. https://sri-working-papers.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/67/2019/05/SRIPs-90.pdf

Grothmann, T., Grecksch, K., Winges, M., & Siebenhüner, B. (2013). Assessing institutional capacities to adapt to climate change: Integrating psychological dimensions in the adaptive capacity wheel. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(12), 3369–3384. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3369-2013

Hadi, S., Mulyono, A., & Marganingrum, D. (2013). Potensi sumberdaya air kawasan dataran tinggi Dieng bagi pemanfaatan air irigasi. In Prosiding pemaparan hasil penelitian Puslit Geoteknologi LIPI (365-371). Pusat Penelitian Geoteknologi LIPI.

Hani, A., & Rachman, E. (2016). Growth of nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) on three planting patterns and doses of fertilizer in sandy coastal land of Pangandaran, West Java. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, 5(2), 151–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2016.vol5iss2pp151-158

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2019). Indeks kualitas lingkungan hidup 2019. https://www.menlhk.go.id/cadmin/uploads/1609312579_5f6b7346d1.pdf

Kumar, L., Sinha, P., Taylor, S., & Alqurashi, A. F. (2015). Review of the use of remote sensing for biomass estimation to support renewable energy generation. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 9(1), 097696. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.9.097696

Lestari, P., Prabowo, A., & Wibawa, A. (2012). Manajemen komunikasi bencana Merapi 2010 pada saat tanggap darurat. JIK Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 10(2), 173–197. https://doi.org/10.31315/jik.v10i2.125

Piontek, F., Drouet, L., Emmerling, J., Kompas, T., Méjean, A., Otto, C., Rising, J., Soergel, B., Taconet, N., & Tavoni, M. (2021). Integrated perspective on translating biophysical to economic impacts of climate change. Nature Climate Change, 11(7), 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01065-y

Rahayu, R. (2013). Policy development for effective transitions to climate change: Adaptation at the Indonesian local government level. (Theses PhD Doctorate, Griffth University). Griffith Research Online. https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/365440/Rahayu_2013_02Thesis.pdf?sequence=1

Riggs, R. A., Langston, J. D., Margules, C., Boedhihartono, A. K., Lim, H. S., Sari, D. A., Sururi, Y., & Sayer, J. (2018). Governance challenges in an eastern Indonesian forest landscape. Sustainability, 10(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010169

Singh, C., Bazaz, A., Ley, D., Ford, J., & Revi, A. (2020). Assessing the feasibility of climate change adaptation options in the water sector: Examples from rural and urban landscapes. Water Security, 11, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100071

Surya, B., Syafri, S., Sahban, H., & Sakti, H. H. (2020). Natural resource conservation based on community economic empowerment: Perspectives on watershed management and slum settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Land, 9(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9040104

Wijaya, N., Nitivattananon, V., Shrestha, R. P., & Kim, S. M. (2020). Drivers and benefits of integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development: Experience from coastal cities of Indonesia. Sustainability, 12(2), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020750

Wulandari, D. A. (2007). Penanganan sedimentasi Waduk Mrica. Berkala Ilmiah Teknik Keairan, 13(4), 264–271.

Yoseph-Paulus, R., & Hindmarsh, R. (2018). Addressing inadequacies of sectoral coordination and local capacity building in Indonesia for effective climate change adaptation. Climate and Development, 10(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2016.1184609

ASEAN center for Energy. (2023). Measures and investment for clean energy dan power sector resilience in ASEAN [Report]. https://aseanenergy.org/strategic-report-measure-and-investments-for-clean-energy-and-power-sector-resilience-in-asean/

Asian Development Bank (2014). State of the coral triangle: Indonesia. https://www.adb.org/ sites/default/files/publication/42409/state-coral-triangle-indonesia.pdf.

Cherp, A., Vinichenko, V., Jewell, J., Brutschin, E., & Sovacool, B. (2018). Integrating techno-economic, socio-technical and political perspectives on national energy transitions: A meta-theoretical framework. Energy Research & Social Science, 37, 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.015

Fahmi, K., Kurniawan, T., Cahyono, Y., Sena, A., Suhadarliyah, Suryani, P., Sugianto A., Amelia, D., Musnaini, Amin, S., Hasbullah, H., Jihadi, M., Wijoyo, H., & Purwanto, A. (2020). Did servant, digital and green leadership influence market performance? Evidence from Indonesian pharmaceutical industry. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(9), 642–653. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3986858

Feng, M., Zhang, N., Liu, Q., & Wijffels, S. (2018). The Indonesian throughflow, its variability and centennial change. Geoscience Letters, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-018-0102-2

IESR (2022). Indonesia energy transition outlook 2023: Tracking progress of energy transition in Indonesia: Pursuing energy security in the time of transition. Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR). https://iesr.or.id/en/pustaka/indonesia-energy-transition-outlook-ieto-2023#unlock

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (2018). State of the sea: Indonesia, volume one: An overview of marine resource management for small-scale fisheries and critical marine habitats in Indonesia. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XBT2.pdf

Qu, T., Du, Y., Strachan, J., Meyers, G., & Slingo, J. (2015). Sea surface temperature and its variability in the Indonesian region. Oceanography, 18(4), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2005.05

Rajagopalan, K., & Nihous, G. C. (2013). Estimates of global ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) resources using an ocean general circulation model. Renewable Energy, 50, 532–540. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.014

Simanjuntak, T. (2006). Indonesia-Southeast Asia: Climates, settlements, and cultures in late pleistocene. Compets Rendus Palevol. 5(1-2), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2005.10.005

World Economic Forum. (2021). Fostering effective energy transition 2021 edition. [Insight Report]. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_Fostering_Effective_Energy_Transition_2021.pdf

World Energy Council. (2021). World energy trilemma index. World Energy Council. https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/downloads/WE_Trilemma_Index_2021.pdf?v=1634811254

Yudha, S. W., & Tjahjono, B. (2019). Stakeholder mapping and analysis of the renewable energy industry in Indonesia. Energies, 12(4), 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12040602

Downloads

Download PDF

Published

December 29, 2023

Series

Scholarly Books
HOW TO CITE

Copyright (c) 2023 Editors & Authors

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Details about the available publication format: Download PDF

Download PDF

ISBN-13 (15)

978-623-8372-41-6